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    • Hindi
      • Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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          • Term
            • कठोर जल
          • Additional fields of expertise
          • Definition(s)
            • कठोर जल उसे कहा जाता है जिसमें कैल्शियम और मैगनीशियम की मात्रा अधिक होती है। http://hindi.indiawaterportal.org/ - by Lalit Sati
          • Example sentence(s)
            • आम प्रयोग में ‘उच्च-टीडीएस जल’ को ‘कठोर जल’ के समानर्थी के रूम में इस्तेमाल किया जाता है। वैज्ञानिक प्रयोग में उच्च टीडीएस जल का मतलब उसमें घुले सोडियम, पोटेशियम, कैल्शियम, मैग्नीशियम, कार्बोनेट. बाईकार्बोनेट, क्लोराइड, सल्फेट जैसे पदार्थों की घुली मात्रा से है। दूसरी ओर जल की कठोरता से मतलब कैल्शियम और मैग्नीशियम से है जिसे एमजी/लीटर सीएसीओ३ से व्यक्त किया जाता है। कठोरता की मात्रा के अनुसार अगर इसकी मात्रा 60 से कम होती है तो उसे मृदु जल कहा जाता है। 61 से 120 के बीच होने पर थोड़ा कठोर और 121 से 180 के बीच होने पर कठोर और 180 से अधिक होने पर बहुत कठोर कहा जाता है। ऐसे में कठोरता और उच्च टीडीएस को समानार्थक के रूप में न इस्तेमाल करना ही बेहतर है ताकि भ्रम की स्थिति से बचा जा सके। - http://hindi.indiawaterportal.org/ by Lalit Sati
            • ऐसे जल को कठोर जल, (Hard water) कहते हैं जिसमें खनिज लवणों की अधिकता हो। इसमें कैल्शियम व मैग्नीशियम के बाइकार्बोनेट व कार्बोनेट उपस्थित रहते हैं । - http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki by Lalit Sati
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    • English
      • Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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          • Term
            • hard water
          • Additional fields of expertise
          • Definition(s)
            • Hard water is water contaminated with compounds of calcium and magnesium. Dissolved iron, manganese, and strontium compounds can also contribute to the "total hardness" of the water, which is usually expressed as ppm CaCO3. Water with a hardness over 80 ppm CaCO3 is often treated with water softeners, since hard water produces scale in hot water pipes and boilers and lowers the effectiveness of detergents. antoine.frostburg.edu
          • Example sentence(s)
            • Some laundry detergents do not produce as many suds in hard water, these are likely to be soap-based products and do not work as well in hard-water as detergent based products. - water-treatment.org.uk
            • Hard water also contributes to inefficient and costly operation of water-using appliances. Heated hard water forms a scale of calcium and magnesium minerals that can contribute to the inefficient operation or failure of water-using appliances. - Wilkes University
            • Clothes washed in hard water often look dingy and feel harsh and scratchy. - sciLinks
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    • Portuguese
      • Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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          • Term
            • Água dura
          • Additional fields of expertise
          • Definition(s)
            • Água rica em minerais de cálcio e magnésio, principalmente carbonatos. Own research - by Marcelo Lino
          • Example sentence(s)
            • Dureza da água é a propriedade relacionada com a concentração de íons de determinados minerais dissolvidos nesta substância. A dureza da água é predominantemente causada pela presença de sais de Cálcio e Magnésio, de modo que os principais íons levados em consideração na medição são os de Cálcio (Ca+) e (Mg+) - Wikipedia by Marcelo Lino
            • O tratamento da água dura para a retirada de Ca2+ e Mg2+ é conhecido por abrandamento ou amolecimento e consiste em fazer a água atravessar uma resina que captura os íons Ca2+ e Mg2+, substituindo-os por íons não prejudiciais ao homem, tais como o Na+ e o H+. - UENF by Marcelo Lino
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