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- Vodu, ktorá obsahuje väčšie množstvo rozpustených solí vápnika a horčíka, nazývame tvrdá voda. www.infovek.sk - by Maria Chmelarova
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- Podľa obsahu aniónov kyselín rozlišujeme prechodnú (uhličitanovú) a trvalú tvrdosť vody, ktorú spôsobujú najmä sírany.
- www.infovek.sk by Maria Chmelarova
- Tvrdá voda zvyčajne chutí lepšie ako mäkká voda. Rozpustené látky v tvrdej vode pomáhajú produkovať tvrdé zuby a kosti, vďaka prítomnosti uhličitanu a fosforečnanu vápenatého. - www.infovek.sk by Maria Chmelarova
- Nežiaduci prejav tvrdej vody je; tvorba vodného kameňa vo varných nádobách, teplovodných trubkách, ohrievačoch vody a kotloch, vyššia spotreba pracích prostriedkov. - www.mkw.sk by Maria Chmelarova
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- İçerisinde başta kalsiyum ve magnezyum tuzları olmak üzere nispeten yüksek miktarda çözünmüş tuz içeren su. DSİ Hidroloji Sözlüğü - by Selcuk Akyuz
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- Evsel kullanımlarda ise; sert su ile yıkanan giysiler, zamanla, solar ve sertleşir. - CRS by Selcuk Akyuz
- Sert sular özellikle mutfak yağlarıyla birleşerek giderlerde tıkanmayı hızlandırır - arsimak by Selcuk Akyuz
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- Apa dură: Conţine ioni de magneziu si calciu. Dacă acesta are mult carbonat de calciu nu face spumă cu săpunul. Apa dură poate deveni apă de băut prin eliminarea ionilor de magneziu si calciu şi înlocuirea lor cu sodiu. Duritatea apei poate fi temporară sau permanentă.
- Enciclopedie-RO by Mihaela Petrican
- Apa dură poate duce la îngreunarea multor activităţi casnice, inclusiv spălarea rufelor, detergenţii pentru rufe fără fosfaţi s-ar putea să nu înălbească aşa cum ne-am dori, sau murdăria poate să fie, în mod particular, foarte pregnantă. - Web article by Mihaela Petrican
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- A vizet akkor nevezik keménynek, ha sok benne a kalcium- és a magnéziumion. Mértékegysége a német keménységi fok: 1 nkº 10 mg/l kalcium-oxiddal egyenértékű kalciumnak vagy magnéziumnak felel meg. Keménysége alapján az ivóvizet négy kategóriába sorolják: nagyon lágy, lágy, közép-kemény és kemény víz. Magyar Virtuális Enciklopédia - by Lingua.Franca
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- A víz keménységét német keménységi fokban (nkº) is kifejezhetjük. Egy német keménységi fok 10 milligramm/liter kálciumoxiddal egyenértékű kalcium és/vagy magnéziumionnak felel meg. - Hajdúszoboszlói Közüzemi Kft. by Lingua.Franca
- A víz keménységét a benne oldott kalcium- és magnéziumsók mennyisége határozza meg. Az ún. változó keménységet a kalcium- és magnézium-hidrogén-karbonát (Ca(HCO3)2 és Mg(HCO3)2) tartalom adja. - Osmosis Kft. by Lingua.Franca
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- Твърда вода е вода с високо съдържание на минерали, обикновено калциеви и магнезиеви (Mg2+) йони, и в някои случаи други разтворени елементи като бикарбонати и сулфати. Противоположното понятие е мека вода - вода с ниско минерално съдържание.
Калцият във водата обикновено се намира или като калциев карбонат (CaCO3) или като калциев сулфат (CaSO4). Wikipedia - by bibienne (X)
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- Твърда вода е вода с високо съдържание на минерали, обикновено калциеви и магнезиеви (Mg2+) йони, и в някои случаи други разтворени елементи като бикарбонати и сулфати.
- Wikipedia by bibienne (X)
- Ефективността на перилните препарати при употреба в твърда вода се понижава многократно, в резултат на получаването на неразтворими калциеви и магнезиеви соли на висшите мастни киселини. - Internetreklama by bibienne (X)
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- En química, el agua dura (por contraposición al agua blanda) es aquella que posee una dureza superior a 120 mg CaCO3/l. Es decir que contiene un alto nivel de minerales, en particular sales de magnesio y calcio. Son éstas las causantes de la dureza del agua, y el grado de dureza es directamente proporcional a la concentración de sales metálicas. Wikipedia - by Laura Mangini
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- El agua dura puede volver a ser blanda, con el agregado de carbonato de sodio o potasio, para precipitarlo como sales de carbonatos, o por medio de intercambio iónico con salmuera en presencia de zeolita o resinas sintéticas - Wikipedia by Laura Mangini
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- Água rica em minerais de cálcio e magnésio, principalmente carbonatos. Own research - by Marcelo Lino
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- Dureza da água é a propriedade relacionada com a concentração de íons de determinados minerais dissolvidos nesta substância. A dureza da água é predominantemente causada pela presença de sais de Cálcio e Magnésio, de modo que os principais íons levados em consideração na medição são os de Cálcio (Ca+) e (Mg+)
- Wikipedia by Marcelo Lino
- O tratamento da água dura para a retirada de Ca2+ e Mg2+ é conhecido por abrandamento ou amolecimento e consiste em fazer a água atravessar uma resina que captura os íons Ca2+ e Mg2+, substituindo-os por íons não prejudiciais ao homem, tais como o Na+ e o H+. - UENF by Marcelo Lino
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