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English to Polish: THE HABSBURG CASTLE AND PARK IN ŻYWIEC , POLAND
Source text - English
ZAMEK I PARK HABSBURGÓW W ŻYWCU, POLSKA
RÓD
Translation - Polish Barbara Werner
Warsaw,Poland
THE HABSBURG CASTLE AND PARK IN ŻYWIEC , POLAND
THE DYNASTY
Before the Habsburg Castle park emerged, there was earlier a garden that was laid out on the south-eastern part of the Old Castle and had features of a 15th -16th century Italian garden. The stories on it may be found in the inventory dated to 16643. Whereas the garden in the time of the Komorowskis was a modest garden, already at the time of successive owners since 1678, the Wielopolskis, it acquired more ornamental and refined features. Those were regular compartments with ornamental parterres filled with flowers, which were laid out under the supervision of an experienced German gardener. In the 18th century the development of a new water system began which, as sources have it, were adorned with fountains and sculptures of mythological subjects.
Around the mid-18th century in the garden an arbour was raised on a plan of an octagon, with a clearly Chinese style features. That was one of the first structures of that kind built in Polish parks to survive to these days. Towards the end of the 18th century, as a result of development of the channel network in the park, the arbour ended up on an island. Over the channels eight wooden, white-painted bridges were built, two of which led to the island. New paths were designed, new space divisions. The garden acquired a new stylistic expression to become gradually an embodiment of an English-Chinese landscape park.
The 19th century brings a larger area and stylistic transformation of the park. Asymmetrical clearings with tree clusters appear. From that period information comes on the orangery in use in the garden, under custody of a German gardener, Johan (Jan?) Merk. who was taking care of a great number of interesting, rare exotic plants. It says so the inventory of 18384.
It was since 1838 that the estate in its entirety, hence including the park, came under the control of Karl Stephan Habsburg. The park gains attractive solutions in the landscape style. It expands by inclusion of added space and new installations in the park area. Construction work on the residence of new owners, modernization of the canal system, new pools, new tennis courts, turn also the character of the park, thereby making the residence increasingly attractive and modern. Specialist plant nurseries designed for the park are set up, as area greenhouse, palm house, vegetable garden, orchard garden., The layout at the time is as large as nearly 26 hectares (64 acres). The park is enriched with new plantings in the form of composed arbours of single-species trees (oaks) which, when planted in open spaced in front of the New Castle look delightful up to the present days. Flower beds and carpets embellish the park that is so close to nature. In the east part of the park a linden-tree alley is planted which is 650 meters long. The alley goes through the lookout point with an old oak-tree to the site of the former Italian garden and to the west part. A new access alley to the residence was also marked out at the time. All these activities are evidence of both a sense of aesthetics and of the familiarity with the contemporary trends in the art of gardening.
The Habsburg home had a considerable number of its representatives all throughout Poland's history. Since the 16th through the 18th centuries as many an eight wives of Polish kings came from the Habsburg dynasty, while in the 19th century the Archduke, the Duke of Cieszyn, Karl Ludwig Johan Joseph Habsburg (1771-1847), emperor Leopold's II son, acquired in 1838 the Żywiec estates, including the town of Żywiec, from a Polish aristocrat, Adam Wielopolski.
On the death of Karl Ludwig, the estates fell to his son, Albrecht Frederick Rudolf (1817-1895), who in 1847 established in Żywiec the Żywiec Estate Management and commissioned both restoration of the old castle and expansion of the former Wielopolski's outbuildings. They were given a new form to become New Castle. Not having an heir of his own, he conveyed his expanded property to the sons of his brother, Karl Ferdinand (1818-1874), while the estate situated just in the Galicia, including Żywiec, received his nephew, Karl Stephen (1860-1933).
Since then a successive, more connected with Poland, history of the presence of Habsburgs in Żywiec begins along with their cultural and magnificent activities, in particular that of the ARchduke Karl Stephan Habsburg. He must be credited with the expansion of the palace and the park, while he himself becomes a candidate to the throne of Poland in times of the World War I. As the Poland regained independence in 1918, the Archduke joins very actively the cultural, scientific and political life. Guests on the castle are famous artists and the celebrities of the times. Social and welfare activities of the Habsburgs, backed by the presence of intelectual elite, creates a cultural environment that could be an example to follow.
On the death of Karl Stephan his son Karl Olbracht Habsburg-Lorraine (1888-1951)1, living in the Żywiec castle with his wife2 and four children, became principal heir and excellent continuator of his father's work. He embarks on restoration of the castle and expansion of the park which is given new forms owing to the celebrated English garden designer, Brenda Colvin. Incidentally, English, next to Polish, French and German was commonplace in the Habsburg's Żywiec.
The Second World War terminates the intense, yet bucolic life of the members of the dynasty in Żywiec. Proud, haughty, and, in addition, polonized, they emphasize clearly their ties to Poland and write a beautiful chapter of her history, not recognising the Nazi Germany and even utterly opposing the Occupant.
The communist authorities in the post-War Poland, unfortunately, fail to treat the Habsburgs as their friends. Despite thie willingness to stay in Poland they leave the property they are “no more entitled to” and deprived of it and towards the 'forties move to Sweden.
Today in Zywiec in the palace the daughter of Karl Olbracht Habsburg-Lorraine, Maria Kristina von Habsburg, princess von Altenburg who has retured there recently, and her brother, Karl Stephan Habsburg-Lothringen, prince of Alltenburg, who lives permanently in Sweden, despite his old age, is also vividly interested in Żywiec affairs and in the cultural legacy of his ancestors.
TOWN AND CASTLE
Żywiec –a town situated at an altitude of 345-350 m above sea level; in the middle of the Żywiec Basin, surrounded by picturesque mountain ranges of the Beskis: the Silesian, Low and Żywiec ones, at the confluence of Koszarawa River to the Soła river on the Żywieckie Lake. According to the 2004 census figures, the town's population is somewhat above 32 thousand.
Historic information on the settlement confirmed by archaeological evidence go back to the 6th century Before Christ, whereas the borrough charter was granted in 1327. Żywiec was under Bohemian suzerainty and since 1456 it was annexed to Poland by the king Casimir the Jagiellonian. Its peak burgeoning dates to the 16th and the 17th centuries to have become a wealthy commercial centre. Initially in the hands of Komorowskis then of the Wielopolski family. In 1838 the Żywiec estate were purchased from the WIelopolskis by the Habsburgs. Since 1772, in consequence of Partitions of Poland, the town was under Austrian administration until 1918.
In the town, a number of historic monuments, the oldest of which are the 15th/16th century cathedral church of Holu Cross and the most magnificent are Old Castle and New Castle. The Old Castle of the Komorowski then Wielopolski families dates to the 14th/15th centuries. It features Renaissance style but was partly rebuilt in the 19th and 20th century. New Castle erected by the Habsburgs according to the designs of Karol Pietschka (1818-1891), the builder from Cieczyn, was being expanded on numerous occasions towards the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. It was gaining successive rooms in eclectic style according to the design of architect F. Mączyński (1874-1947) and in the modernist style according to the design of architect T. Stryjeński (1849-1943).
In the Castle the Archduke Karl Stephan, art lover, collector and art patron, had a magnificent gallery of European and Polish paintings as well as an impressive silverware collection which during the Second World War was taken away by the Nazis outside the territory of Poland. It should be emphasised here that the collection of Polish painting (among others, works of such painters as T. Axentowicz, J. Fałat, W, Kossak, J. Malczewski, J. Chełmoński, L. Wyczółkowski, F. Ruszczyc) owned in the past by the Archduke was one among the best. Unfortunately, it failed to live to out times and nowadays it would be rather hard to talk of a similar collection of POlish paintings of the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries.
After the Second World War as a result of nationalization of landed property the Habsburgs' estate became state property. The Old Castle now houses the Municipal Museum, while the New Castle is used up until now the Wood and Forestry Schools which will. hopefully, soon find a more suitable accommodation, while the Castle will become an object of culture and a good representative of national heritage, and a witness to their former owners.
THE PARK
Before the Habsburg Castle park emerged, there was earlier a garden that was laid out on the south-eastern part of the Old Castle and had features of a 15th -16th century Italian garden. The stories on it may be found in the inventory dated to 16643. Whereas the garden in the time of the Komorowskis was a modest garden, already at the time of successive owners since 1678, the Wielopolskis, it acquired more ornamental and refined features. Those were regular compartments with ornamental parterres filled with flowers, which were laid out under the supervision of an experienced German gardener. In the 18th century the development of a new water system began which, as sources have it, were adorned with fountains and sculptures of mythological subjects.
Around the mid-18th century in the garden an arbour was raised on a plan of an octagon, with a clearly Chinese style features. That was one of the first structures of that kind built in Polish parks to survive to these days. Towards the end of the 18th century, as a result of development of the channel network in the park, the arbour ended up on an island. Over the channels eight wooden, white-painted bridges were built, two of which led to the island. New paths were designed, new space divisions. The garden acquired a new stylistic expression to become gradually an embodiment of an English-Chinese landscape park.
The 19th century brings a larger area and stylistic transformation of the park. Asymmetrical clearings with tree clusters appear. From that period information comes on the orangery in use in the garden, under custody of a German gardener, Johan (Jan?) Merk. who was taking care of a great number of interesting, rare exotic plants. It says so the inventory of 18384.
It was since 1838 that the estate in its entirety, hence including the park, came under the control of Karl Stephan Habsburg. The park gains attractive solutions in the landscape style. It expands by inclusion of added space and new installations in the park area. Construction work on the residence of new owners, modernization of the canal system, new pools, new tennis courts, turn also the character of the park, thereby making the residence increasingly attractive and modern. Specialist plant nurseries designed for the park are set up, as area greenhouse, palm house, vegetable garden, orchard garden., The layout at the time is as large as nearly 26 hectares (64 acres). The park is enriched with new plantings in the form of composed arbours of single-species trees (oaks) which, when planted in open spaced in front of the New Castle look delightful up to the present days. Flower beds and carpets embellish the park that is so close to nature. In the east part of the park a linden-tree alley is planted which is 650 meters long. The alley goes through the lookout point with an old oak-tree to the site of the former Italian garden and to the west part. A new access alley to the residence was also marked out at the time. All these activities are evidence of both a sense of aesthetics and of the familiarity with the contemporary trends in the art of gardening.
Barbara Werner
Warsaw,Poland
THE HABSBURG CASTLE AND PARK IN ŻYWIEC , POLAND
THE DYNASTY
The Habsburg home had a considerable number of its representatives all throughout Poland's history. Since the 16th through the 18th centuries as many an eight wives of Polish kings came from the Habsburg dynasty, while in the 19th century the Archduke, the Duke of Cieszyn, Karl Ludwig Johan Joseph Habsburg (1771-1847), emperor Leopold's II son, acquired in 1838 the Żywiec estates, including the town of Żywiec, from a Polish aristocrat, Adam Wielopolski.
On the death of Karl Ludwig, the estates fell to his son, Albrecht Frederick Rudolf (1817-1895), who in 1847 established in Żywiec the Żywiec Estate Management and commissioned both restoration of the old castle and expansion of the former Wielopolski's outbuildings. They were given a new form to become New Castle. Not having an heir of his own, he conveyed his expanded property to the sons of his brother, Karl Ferdinand (1818-1874), while the estate situated just in the Galicia, including Żywiec, received his nephew, Karl Stephen (1860-1933).
Since then a successive, more connected with Poland, history of the presence of Habsburgs in Żywiec begins along with their cultural and magnificent activities, in particular that of the ARchduke Karl Stephan Habsburg. He must be credited with the expansion of the palace and the park, while he himself becomes a candidate to the throne of Poland in times of the World War I. As the Poland regained independence in 1918, the Archduke joins very actively the cultural, scientific and political life. Guests on the castle are famous artists and the celebrities of the times. Social and welfare activities of the Habsburgs, backed by the presence of intelectual elite, creates a cultural environment that could be an example to follow.
On the death of Karl Stephan his son Karl Olbracht Habsburg-Lorraine (1888-1951)1, living in the Żywiec castle with his wife2 and four children, became principal heir and excellent continuator of his father's work. He embarks on restoration of the castle and expansion of the park which is given new forms owing to the celebrated English garden designer, Brenda Colvin. Incidentally, English, next to Polish, French and German was commonplace in the Habsburg's Żywiec.
The Second World War terminates the intense, yet bucolic life of the members of the dynasty in Żywiec. Proud, haughty, and, in addition, polonized, they emphasize clearly their ties to Poland and write a beautiful chapter of her history, not recognising the Nazi Germany and even utterly opposing the Occupant.
The communist authorities in the post-War Poland, unfortunately, fail to treat the Habsburgs as their friends. Despite thie willingness to stay in Poland they leave the property they are “no more entitled to” and deprived of it and towards the 'forties move to Sweden.
Today in Zywiec in the palace the daughter of Karl Olbracht Habsburg-Lorraine, Maria Kristina von Habsburg, princess von Altenburg who has retured there recently, and her brother, Karl Stephan Habsburg-Lothringen, prince of Alltenburg, who lives permanently in Sweden, despite his old age, is also vividly interested in Żywiec affairs and in the cultural legacy of his ancestors.
TOWN AND CASTLE
Żywiec –a town situated at an altitude of 345-350 m above sea level; in the middle of the Żywiec Basin, surrounded by picturesque mountain ranges of the Beskis: the Silesian, Low and Żywiec ones, at the confluence of Koszarawa River to the Soła river on the Żywieckie Lake. According to the 2004 census figures, the town's population is somewhat above 32 thousand.
Historic information on the settlement confirmed by archaeological evidence go back to the 6th century Before Christ, whereas the borrough charter was granted in 1327. Żywiec was under Bohemian suzerainty and since 1456 it was annexed to Poland by the king Casimir the Jagiellonian. Its peak burgeoning dates to the 16th and the 17th centuries to have become a wealthy commercial centre. Initially in the hands of Komorowskis then of the Wielopolski family. In 1838 the Żywiec estate were purchased from the WIelopolskis by the Habsburgs. Since 1772, in consequence of Partitions of Poland, the town was under Austrian administration until 1918.
In the town, a number of historic monuments, the oldest of which are the 15th/16th century cathedral church of Holu Cross and the most magnificent are Old Castle and New Castle. The Old Castle of the Komorowski then Wielopolski families dates to the 14th/15th centuries. It features Renaissance style but was partly rebuilt in the 19th and 20th century. New Castle erected by the Habsburgs according to the designs of Karol Pietschka (1818-1891), the builder from Cieczyn, was being expanded on numerous occasions towards the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. It was gaining successive rooms in eclectic style according to the design of architect F. Mączyński (1874-1947) and in the modernist style according to the design of architect T. Stryjeński (1849-1943).
In the Castle the Archduke Karl Stephan, art lover, collector and art patron, had a magnificent gallery of European and Polish paintings as well as an impressive silverware collection which during the Second World War was taken away by the Nazis outside the territory of Poland. It should be emphasised here that the collection of Polish painting (among others, works of such painters as T. Axentowicz, J. Fałat, W, Kossak, J. Malczewski, J. Chełmoński, L. Wyczółkowski, F. Ruszczyc) owned in the past by the Archduke was one among the best. Unfortunately, it failed to live to out times and nowadays it would be rather hard to talk of a similar collection of POlish paintings of the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries.
After the Second World War as a result of nationalization of landed property the Habsburgs' estate became state property. The Old Castle now houses the Municipal Museum, while the New Castle is used up until now the Wood and Forestry Schools which will. hopefully, soon find a more suitable accommodation, while the Castle will become an object of culture and a good representative of national heritage, and a witness to their former owners.
THE PARK
Before the Habsburg Castle park emerged, there was earlier a garden that was laid out on the south-eastern part of the Old Castle and had features of a 15th -16th century Italian garden. The stories on it may be found in the inventory dated to 16643. Whereas the garden in the time of the Komorowskis was a modest garden, already at the time of successive owners since 1678, the Wielopolskis, it acquired more ornamental and refined features. Those were regular compartments with ornamental parterres filled with flowers, which were laid out under the supervision of an experienced German gardener. In the 18th century the development of a new water system began which, as sources have it, were adorned with fountains and sculptures of mythological subjects.
Around the mid-18th century in the garden an arbour was raised on a plan of an octagon, with a clearly Chinese style features. That was one of the first structures of that kind built in Polish parks to survive to these days. Towards the end of the 18th century, as a result of development of the channel network in the park, the arbour ended up on an island. Over the channels eight wooden, white-painted bridges were built, two of which led to the island. New paths were designed, new space divisions. The garden acquired a new stylistic expression to become gradually an embodiment of an English-Chinese landscape park.
The 19th century brings a larger area and stylistic transformation of the park. Asymmetrical clearings with tree clusters appear. From that period information comes on the orangery in use in the garden, under custody of a German gardener, Johan (Jan?) Merk. who was taking care of a great number of interesting, rare exotic plants. It says so the inventory of 18384.
It was since 1838 that the estate in its entirety, hence including the park, came under the control of Karl Stephan Habsburg. The park gains attractive solutions in the landscape style. It expands by inclusion of added space and new installations in the park area. Construction work on the residence of new owners, modernization of the canal system, new pools, new tennis courts, turn also the character of the park, thereby making the residence increasingly attractive and modern. Specialist plant nurseries designed for the park are set up, as area greenhouse, palm house, vegetable garden, orchard garden., The layout at the time is as large as nearly 26 hectares (64 acres). The park is enriched with new plantings in the form of composed arbours of single-species trees (oaks) which, when planted in open spaced in front of the New Castle look delightful up to the present days. Flower beds and carpets embellish the park that is so close to nature. In the east part of the park a linden-tree alley is planted which is 650 meters long. The alley goes through the lookout point with an old oak-tree to the site of the former Italian garden and to the west part. A new access alley to the residence was also marked out at the time. All these activities are evidence of both a sense of aesthetics and of the familiarity with the contemporary trends in the art of gardening.
Barbara Werner
Warsaw,Poland
THE HABSBURG CASTLE AND PARK IN ŻYWIEC , POLAND
THE DYNASTY
The Habsburg home had a considerable number of its representatives all throughout Poland's history. Since the 16th through the 18th centuries as many an eight wives of Polish kings came from the Habsburg dynasty, while in the 19th century the Archduke, the Duke of Cieszyn, Karl Ludwig Johan Joseph Habsburg (1771-1847), emperor Leopold's II son, acquired in 1838 the Żywiec estates, including the town of Żywiec, from a Polish aristocrat, Adam Wielopolski.
On the death of Karl Ludwig, the estates fell to his son, Albrecht Frederick Rudolf (1817-1895), who in 1847 established in Żywiec the Żywiec Estate Management and commissioned both restoration of the old castle and expansion of the former Wielopolski's outbuildings. They were given a new form to become New Castle. Not having an heir of his own, he conveyed his expanded property to the sons of his brother, Karl Ferdinand (1818-1874), while the estate situated just in the Galicia, including Żywiec, received his nephew, Karl Stephen (1860-1933).
Since then a successive, more connected with Poland, history of the presence of Habsburgs in Żywiec begins along with their cultural and magnificent activities, in particular that of the ARchduke Karl Stephan Habsburg. He must be credited with the expansion of the palace and the park, while he himself becomes a candidate to the throne of Poland in times of the World War I. As the Poland regained independence in 1918, the Archduke joins very actively the cultural, scientific and political life. Guests on the castle are famous artists and the celebrities of the times. Social and welfare activities of the Habsburgs, backed by the presence of intelectual elite, creates a cultural environment that could be an example to follow.
On the death of Karl Stephan his son Karl Olbracht Habsburg-Lorraine (1888-1951)1, living in the Żywiec castle with his wife2 and four children, became principal heir and excellent continuator of his father's work. He embarks on restoration of the castle and expansion of the park which is given new forms owing to the celebrated English garden designer, Brenda Colvin. Incidentally, English, next to Polish, French and German was commonplace in the Habsburg's Żywiec.
The Second World War terminates the intense, yet bucolic life of the members of the dynasty in Żywiec. Proud, haughty, and, in addition, polonized, they emphasize clearly their ties to Poland and write a beautiful chapter of her history, not recognising the Nazi Germany and even utterly opposing the Occupant.
The communist authorities in the post-War Poland, unfortunately, fail to treat the Habsburgs as their friends. Despite thie willingness to stay in Poland they leave the property they are “no more entitled to” and deprived of it and towards the 'forties move to Sweden.
Today in Zywiec in the palace the daughter of Karl Olbracht Habsburg-Lorraine, Maria Kristina von Habsburg, princess von Altenburg who has retured there recently, and her brother, Karl Stephan Habsburg-Lothringen, prince of Alltenburg, who lives permanently in Sweden, despite his old age, is also vividly interested in Żywiec affairs and in the cultural legacy of his ancestors.
TOWN AND CASTLE
Żywiec –a town situated at an altitude of 345-350 m above sea level; in the middle of the Żywiec Basin, surrounded by picturesque mountain ranges of the Beskis: the Silesian, Low and Żywiec ones, at the confluence of Koszarawa River to the Soła river on the Żywieckie Lake. According to the 2004 census figures, the town's population is somewhat above 32 thousand.
Historic information on the settlement confirmed by archaeological evidence go back to the 6th century Before Christ, whereas the borrough charter was granted in 1327. Żywiec was under Bohemian suzerainty and since 1456 it was annexed to Poland by the king Casimir the Jagiellonian. Its peak burgeoning dates to the 16th and the 17th centuries to have become a wealthy commercial centre. Initially in the hands of Komorowskis then of the Wielopolski family. In 1838 the Żywiec estate were purchased from the WIelopolskis by the Habsburgs. Since 1772, in consequence of Partitions of Poland, the town was under Austrian administration until 1918.
In the town, a number of historic monuments, the oldest of which are the 15th/16th century cathedral church of Holu Cross and the most magnificent are Old Castle and New Castle. The Old Castle of the Komorowski then Wielopolski families dates to the 14th/15th centuries. It features Renaissance style but was partly rebuilt in the 19th and 20th century. New Castle erected by the Habsburgs according to the designs of Karol Pietschka (1818-1891), the builder from Cieczyn, was being expanded on numerous occasions towards the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. It was gaining successive rooms in eclectic style according to the design of architect F. Mączyński (1874-1947) and in the modernist style according to the design of architect T. Stryjeński (1849-1943).
In the Castle the Archduke Karl Stephan, art lover, collector and art patron, had a magnificent gallery of European and Polish paintings as well as an impressive silverware collection which during the Second World War was taken away by the Nazis outside the territory of Poland. It should be emphasised here that the collection of Polish painting (among others, works of such painters as T. Axentowicz, J. Fałat, W, Kossak, J. Malczewski, J. Chełmoński, L. Wyczółkowski, F. Ruszczyc) owned in the past by the Archduke was one among the best. Unfortunately, it failed to live to out times and nowadays it would be rather hard to talk of a similar collection of POlish paintings of the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries.
After the Second World War as a result of nationalization of landed property the Habsburgs' estate became state property. The Old Castle now houses the Municipal Museum, while the New Castle is used up until now the Wood and Forestry Schools which will. hopefully, soon find a more suitable accommodation, while the Castle will become an object of culture and a good representative of national heritage, and a witness to their former owners.
THE PARK
Before the Habsburg Castle park emerged, there was earlier a garden that was laid out on the south-eastern part of the Old Castle and had features of a 15th -16th century Italian garden. The stories on it may be found in the inventory dated to 16643. Whereas the garden in the time of the Komorowskis was a modest garden, already at the time of successive owners since 1678, the Wielopolskis, it acquired more ornamental and refined features. Those were regular compartments with ornamental parterres filled with flowers, which were laid out under the supervision of an experienced German gardener. In the 18th century the development of a new water system began which, as sources have it, were adorned with fountains and sculptures of mythological subjects.
Around the mid-18th century in the garden an arbour was raised on a plan of an octagon, with a clearly Chinese style features. That was one of the first structures of that kind built in Polish parks to survive to these days. Towards the end of the 18th century, as a result of development of the channel network in the park, the arbour ended up on an island. Over the channels eight wooden, white-painted bridges were built, two of which led to the island. New paths were designed, new space divisions. The garden acquired a new stylistic expression to become gradually an embodiment of an English-Chinese landscape park.
The 19th century brings a larger area and stylistic transformation of the park. Asymmetrical clearings with tree clusters appear. From that period information comes on the orangery in use in the garden, under custody of a German gardener, Johan (Jan?) Merk. who was taking care of a great number of interesting, rare exotic plants. It says so the inventory of 18384.
It was since 1838 that the estate in its entirety, hence including the park, came under the control of Karl Stephan Habsburg. The park gains attractive solutions in the landscape style. It expands by inclusion of added space and new installations in the park area. Construction work on the residence of new owners, modernization of the canal system, new pools, new tennis courts, turn also the character of the park, thereby making the residence increasingly attractive and modern. Specialist plant nurseries designed for the park are set up, as area greenhouse, palm house, vegetable garden, orchard garden., The layout at the time is as large as nearly 26 hectares (64 acres). The park is enriched with new plantings in the form of composed arbours of single-species trees (oaks) which, when planted in open spaced in front of the New Castle look delightful up to the present days. Flower beds and carpets embellish the park that is so close to nature. In the east part of the park a linden-tree alley is planted which is 650 meters long. The alley goes through the lookout point with an old oak-tree to the site of the former Italian garden and to the west part. A new access alley to the residence was also marked out at the time. All these activities are evidence of both a sense of aesthetics and of the familiarity with the contemporary trends in the art of gardening.
Polish to English: Titles are listed below General field: Science Detailed field: Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
Source text - Polish LIST OF THE BOOKS TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH
BY ANDRZEJ L. SKUP’
1. Шахпаронов М.И., Введение в молекулярную теорию растворов (Vvedenie v molekulyarnuyu teoriyu rastvorov. GITTL. 1956. 508 pp.,
2. Analiza polimerów syntetycnych i tworzyw sztucznych
3. Metody wydzielania i wstępnego zatężania w nieorganicznej analizie śladowej J. Minczewski, J. Chwastowska, R. Dybczyński.
4.Analytical Visible and Ultaviolet Spectrometry, T. Nowicka-Jankowska, K. Gorczyńska, M. Michalik, and E. Wieteska, Elsevier, 1986.
(Mr. E. Thorburn Burns, a reviewer of this book in European Spectroscopy News, 75 1987, wrote: “The English in places betrays its origin; this is not raised as a criticism as it is often charming and upon analysis is usually rigorously pedantic and correct.”
5. Korozja metali a zjawiska wywoływane przez wodór.
6. Konstytucj a i właściwości materiałów ceramicznych, R. Pampuch.
7. Poliuretany, chemia, technologia i zastosowania.
8. Wawel Jego historia i konserwacja. Alfred Majewski. Ośrodek Konserwacji Zabytkowego Krajobrazu - Narodowa Instytucja Kultury.
9. Arkacia Heleny Radziwiłł Studium histooooryczne. Włodzimierz Piwkowski, Ośrodek Konserwacji Zabytkowego Krajobrazu - Narodowa Instytucja Kultury.
10. Osuszanie zawilgoconych budynkówTeoria i prakttyka. Wojciech Nawrot, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technologii Zrównoważonego Rozwoju, Radomn, Polska 2013 .
Note 1: All the above titles have been translated from Polish (but the Book #1 the original language of which was Russian) into English.
Note 2: I was part of the editorial team of the great Two-volume PWN-Oxford English-Polish and Polish-English Dictionry.
Translation - English 1.(Molecular Theory of Solutions. An Introduction – the title is my guess), M. I. Shakhparonov, published by Elsevier’s, ca. 1965 (translation from Russian on behalf of Professor J. Brzostowski).
2.Handbook of Analysis of Synthetic Polymers and Plastics, J. Urbański et al., Ellis Horwood Ltd. – WNT, 494 pp., 1977.
3. Separation and Preconcentration Methods in Inorganic Trace Analysis, J. Minczewski, J. Chwastowska, R. Dybczyński, Ellis Horwood Ltd. – WNT, 543 pp. (a joint project 1/3 work of which was mine) 1981.
4. Analityczna spektrometria w świetle widzialnym i w ultrafiolecie Analytical Visible and Ultaviolet Spectrometry, T. Nowicka-Jankowska, K. Gorczyńska, M. Michalik, and E. Wieteska, Elsevier, 1986.
(Mr. E. Thorburn Burns, a reviewer of this book in European Spectroscopy News, 75 1987, wrote: “The English in places betrays its origin; this is not raised as a criticism as it is often charming and upon analysis is usually rigorously pedantic and correct.”
5. Corrosion of Metals and Hydrogen-Related Phenomena, Edited by Janusz Fllis, PWN-Elsevier, 1991.
6. Constitution and Properties of Ceramic Materials, R. Pampuch, PWN – Elsevier, 456 pp., 1991.
8. The Wawel Its History and Conservation, Alfred Majewski, 292 p A4, Warsaw 1997, The Centre for the Preservation of Historic Landscape – A National Institution for Culture.
9. Arkadia of Helena Radziwiłł, Historic Study, Włodzimierz Piwkowski, 580 p A4, Ogrody (5), Studia i Materiały, The Centre for the Preservation of Historic Landscape – A National Institution for Culture, Warsaw, 1998.
10. The Damp-Proofing in Old Buildings. Theory and Practice, Wojciech Nawrot,
200 pp., Publishing House of the Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Radom, Poland, 2013.
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Experience
Years of experience: 64. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2007.
I have been active in translation business on a free-lance basis since 34 years. Early in my life I got interests in human communications and I got to know a number of Romance languages: Italian, Spanish, Portuguese; also Russian. I was doing abstacts for Chemical Abstact Service for 30+ years from virtually all Slavic languages. For the last 27 years I have been active in English language translations in connection with the new economic system in Poland.
My tenet is: Translator's skills and capacities must allow him to translate in evey field in the language in which he is proficient.
Expertise 
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