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Korean to English: 월경통 / Dysmenorrhea General field: Medical
Source text - Korean 월경 기간 중에 다양한 경로와 강도로 느껴지는 동통. 영어권 일상 대화에서는 Cramps라고 부른다. 월경을 마법, 매직으로 돌려서 말하듯이, 생리통도 마법통, 매직통으로 불리기도 한다.
월경통의 원인은 월경 시 자궁 점막이 떨어져 나가게 되는데 이때 지혈을 위해 프로스타글란딘이 작용하여 복부 혈관이 수축하면서 신경을 자극하기 때문이다. 원인이 진통과 비슷하다. 하지만 진통의 고통의 강도는 생리통과는 비교도 할 수 없을 정도로 크다. 정확하게 말하면 프로스타글란딘이 자궁 내막에서 분비되고 이 프로스타글란딘은 염증 및 근육 수축 등의 작용을 불러 일으킨다. 거기에 더불어 자궁 또한 착상을 위해 준비하던 조직들을 죄다 밖으로 내보내면서 수축을 시작한다. 그러다보니 산소가 적어 대미지를 받게 되고 염증 작용까지 겹치니 순간적으로 굉장히 아프게 된다. 정확하게는 근육의 수축보다는 화학작용들로 인하여 느끼지만, 생리할 때만 느낀다는 점이나 아랫배에만 묵직하게 느껴지니 Abdominal Cramp이라는 이름으로 알려져 있지만 실제 진짜 cramp와는 기전이 완전하게 다르다. 그렇기 때문에 근육이완제가 아닌 진통소염제 등을 구입하면 효과 문구에 생리통이 포함되어 있는 경우가 많다. 애초에 염증작용을 줄이는 것이 아니라면 진통소염제가 효과를 발휘할 리가 없다. 게보린이 괜히 생리통에 효과가 있는 게 아니다.
매커니즘이 그나마 비슷한 것으로는 위경련이나 쥐가 있다. 위도 근육으로 이루어져 있다. 월경통도 일상적으로 영어로는 menstrual cramps라고 쓰고 줄여서 cramp라고 하며, 자궁 또한 평활근으로 구성되어 있고, 이 평활근이 이상연축을 하는 것까지 비슷한 매커니즘으로 통증을 생산하기 때문. 하지만 아주 정확하게 말하자면 둘 다 원인은 다르다. 자세한 건 위경련과 쥐 둘 다 해당 문서 참고. 그리고 성관계 중에서도 자궁은 연축하는 경우가 있는데 그것은 아프지 않다.
Translation - English Dysmenorrhea is defined as pain during menstruation with varying intensity and different underlying mechanisms. In the English-speaking world it is called "cramps" in everyday conversations. As menstruation is sometimes described as magical in Korean, menstrual cramps are also referred to as “magical cramps”.
During menstruation when the uterine lining is shed, Prostaglandin acts as a hemostatic agent by constricting the abdominal blood vessels and stimulating the nerves, which is the cause for dysmenorrhea. Labour contractions have a similar cause. However, labour pains are much more intense than menstrual cramps. To be precise, the prostaglandins secreted by the endometrium cause inflammation and muscle contractions. In addition, the uterus starts contracting and sheds all the tissue that was built up in preparation for implantation. Because the tissue is supplied with less oxygen, while being damaged and inflamed at the same time, the pain can get very intense at moments. Although the pain is technically caused by chemical reactions rather than muscle contractions, dysmenorrhea is known as abdominal cramps because it is only felt during menstruation in the lower abdominal area. However, the underlying mechanism is completely different from actual cramps. That is why, when purchasing pain relievers rather than muscle relaxants, the package insert often includes menstrual cramps. After all, pain relievers would not show any effect unless inflammation is reduced. That is the reason why the medication "Geworin" is effective for menstrual pain.
The mechanism is similar to those of stomach cramps and regular cramps. The stomach is also lined with muscle tissue. The term "menstrual cramps" is often shortened to "cramps" in everyday conversation. This is because the uterus is also made from smooth muscle tissue, which is contracting abnormally, producing pain due to similar underlying mechanisms. But their causes are actually different. For further details refer to the respective articles on stomach cramps and cramps. Uterus contractions can also occur during sexual activity but should not be painful.
English to German: Chen et al. 2023 (Abstract) General field: Science Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Primary Dysmenorrhea:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Dysmenorrhea causes pain and inconvenience during menstruation. In addition to medication, natural compounds are widely used to relieve various types of pain. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D (vit. D) supplementation in relieving the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. A comprehensive systematic database search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. Oral forms of vit. D supplementation were included and compared with a placebo or standard care. The degree of dysmenorrhea pain was measured with a visual analogue scale or numerical rating scale. Outcomes were compared using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a meta-analysis. RCTs were assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias v2 (RoB 2) tool. The meta-analysis included 8 randomized controlled trials involving 695 participants. The results of the quantitative analysis showed a significantly lower degree of pain in the vit. D versus placebo in those with dysmenorrhea (SMD: −1.404, 95% CI: −2.078 to −0.731). The results of subgroup analysis revealed that pain lessened when the average weekly dose of vit. D was over 50,000 IU, in which dysmenorrhea was relieved regardless of whether vit. D was administered for more or less than 70 days and in any dose interval. The results revealed that vit. D treatment substantially reduced the pain level in the primary dysmenorrhea population. We concluded that vit. D supplementation is an alternative treatment for relieving the pain symptoms of dysmenorrhea.
Translation - German Der Effekt von Vitamin D Supplementierung auf Primäre Dysmenorrhoe: Eine systematische Literaturübersicht und Metaanalyse von Randomisierten klinischen Studien
Dysmenorrhoe verursacht Schmerzen und weitere Beschwerden während der Menstruation. Zusätzlich zu Medikamenten werden auch Naturstoffe zur Linderung verschiedener Art von Schmerzen verwendet. Diese Studie befasst sich mit der Bewertung des Effekts von Vitamin D (Vit. D) Supplementierung auf die Linderung von Symptomen der Primären Dysmenorrhoe. Es wurde eine umfassende, systematische Datenbankrecherche nach randomisierten kontrollierten Studien (RCTs) durchgeführt. Orale Vit. D Präparate wurden eingeschlossen und mit Placebo oder Standardtherapie verglichen. Die Schmerzintensität der Dysmenorrhoe wurde entweder mit Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) oder Numerical Rating Scale (NAS) gemessen. Die Outcomes wurden anhand der Standardisierten Mittelwertdifferenz (SMD) und der 95 %-Konfidenzintervalle (KI) in einer Metaanalyse verglichen. Die RCTs wurden mittels des Cochrane risk-of-bias v2 (RoB 2) Tools bewertet. In die Metaanalyse wurden 8 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien mit 695 Teilnehmern eingeschlossen. Die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Analyse zeigten eine signifikant niedrigere Schmerzintensität in der Vit. D-Gruppe im Vergleich zur Placebo-Gruppe in Patienten mit Dysmenorrhoe (SMD: −1,404; 95% KI: −2,078 bis −0,731). Die Ergebnisse der Subgruppenanalyse ergaben, dass der Schmerz mit einer wöchentlichen Durchschnittsdosis Vit. D von über 50.000IE abnahm, in welchen Fall sich die Dysmenorrhoe auch unabhängig davon verbesserte, ob Vitamin D über mehr oder weniger als 70 Tage und in welchem Dosierungsintervall es verabreicht wurde. Die Ergebnisse ergaben, dass die Vit. D-Behandlung die Schmerzintensität der Patienten mit Primärer Dysmenorrhoe erheblich reduzierte. Wir kamen zu dem Schluss, dass Vit. D-Supplementierung eine alternative Behandlung zur Linderung der Schmerzsymptomatik bei Dysmenorrhoe darstellt.
Quelle Original: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10343446/
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Years of experience: 1. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 2023.
I am currently enrolled in a Master's Program with a Major in Health Science.
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