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English to Portuguese: Abstract - Legal Minimum Wages and the Wages of Formal and Informal Sector Workers in Costa Rica General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - English The dual economy development models hold minimum wages (among other institutions) accountable for persistent dualism. We use 12 years of micro data on thousands of workers in Costa Rica to test whether legal minimum wages have a differential impact on wages in the formal sector vs. informal sector, defined in various ways. We find the evidence from Costa Rica is contrary to the assumptions of these models: increases in minimum wages not only raise wages in the urban formal sector (large urban enterprises) who are covered by minimum wage law, but they also increase the wages of all other workers covered by minimum wage legislation in what are traditionally regarded as informal sectors and where the legislation is often considered not to be enforced (i.e., small urban enterprises, large rural enterprises and small rural enterprises). Further, our results suggest that higher legal minimum wages raise the wage of workers in these "informal" sectors more than in the urban formal sector and hence may actually work to reduce average wage differentials between these sectors and the urban formal sector. On the other hand, minimum wages have no significant impact on the wages of workers in another sector that is regarded as informal but which is not covered by minimum wage legislation: the self-employed workers (both urban and rural). Thus, minimum wages may contribute to dualism between the formal and informal, defined as self-employed vs. salaried workers. However, we find no evidence that self-employed earnings are lowered by minimum wages.
Translation - Portuguese Os modelos de desenvolvimento da dupla economia mantêm salários mínimos (entre outras instituições) responsáveis pelo dualismo persistente. Usamos 12 anos de micro dados sobre milhares de trabalhadores na Costa Rica para testar se os salários mínimos legais têm um impacto diferencial sobre os salários no setor formal versus setor informal, definido de várias maneiras. Constatamos que a evidência da Costa Rica é contrária aos pressupostos desses modelos: os aumentos nos salários mínimos não só aumentam os salários no setor formal urbano (grandes empresas urbanas) cobertos pela lei do salário mínimo, mas também aumentam os salários de todos Outros trabalhadores abrangidos pela legislação relativa ao salário mínimo nos sectores considerados tradicionalmente como informais e onde a legislação é muitas vezes considerada como não aplicada (isto é, pequenas empresas urbanas, grandes empresas rurais e pequenas empresas rurais). Além disso, os nossos resultados sugerem que os salários mínimos legais mais elevados ajudam a elevar o salário dos trabalhadores nestes setores “informais” urbanos mais do que no setor formal urbano e, portanto, podem influenciar na redução dos diferenciais nos salariais médios entre esses setores e o setor formal urbano. Por outro lado, os salários mínimos não têm impacto significativo nos salários dos trabalhadores de outros setores considerados informais, mas não coberto pela legislação do salário mínimo: os trabalhadores independentes (urbanos e rurais). Assim, os salários mínimos podem contribuir para o dualismo entre o formal e o informal, definido como trabalhadores por conta própria versus trabalhadores assalariados. No entanto, não encontramos nenhuma evidência de que os salários dos trabalhadores por conta própria sejam reduzidos pelo salário mínimo.
Portuguese to English: CleanTech Website Homepage General field: Marketing Detailed field: Media / Multimedia
Source text - Portuguese Todos sabemos que a apresentação perfeita e os altos padrões de limpeza podem trazer uma diferença significativa para a percepção dos seus clientes quanto a sua empresa e marca. A CleanTech é especializada no fornecimento de uma gama de serviços de limpeza de alta qualidade em uma variedade de ambientes de escritório de prestígio. Desenvolvemos parcerias inteligentes com nossos clientes com vista a garantir a uma prestação de serviços excepcionais. A experiência que a nossa equipe possui garante que as expectativas dos nossos sejam satisfeitas ao mínimo pormenor, de forma a que os nossos clientes possam desfrutar dum ambiente profissional de trabalho nos seus escritórios.
Translation - English We all know that the perfect presentation and high standards of cleanliness can bring a significant difference to your customers' perception of your company and brand. CleanTech specializes in providing a range of high quality cleaning services in a variety of prestigious office environments. We have developed smart partnerships with our customers to ensure exceptional service delivery. The experience of our teams ensures that our client expectations are met in the smallest detail, allowing them to enjoy a professional work environment in their offices.
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Universidade Católica
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Years of experience: 19. Registered at ProZ.com: Dec 2016.
A highly talented Translator with 15 years experience in translating documents and other materials from Portuguese to English and vice versa; deep track record of reading materials and rewriting them in either English or Portuguese, following established rules pertaining to factors such as word meanings, sentence structure, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics; well recognized specialist in technical and business documentation both in Portuguese and English.
Keywords: translation, localization, technical, software, business, social sciences, marketing, brochures, catalog, technical. See more.translation, localization, technical, software, business, social sciences, marketing, brochures, catalog, technical, books, websites. See less.
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