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English to Chinese: risk and capital management General field: Bus/Financial Detailed field: Finance (general)
Source text - English The Internal Measurement Approach (IMA)
The internal Measurement approach (IMA) is complex and requires a huge amount of data. this will serve to rationalise why banks seem to prefer the loss distribution approach (LDA).
the IMA is based on a procedure that is described as follows:
a) Consider a matrix that is based on a business line–event type combination. the Basel accord uses a business line-loss event type matrix to identify potential operational losses. the columns are business lines while the rows are Basel's seven categories of loss event types. these event types are: (1) internal fraud, (2) external fraud, (3) damage to physical assets, (4) business disruption and systems failures; (5) client, products and business services, (6) execution delivery and management processes and (7) employment practices & work safety. the expected loss amount for each cell in this matrix (ELAi,j) for each business line (i) and each loss event identified from internal loss data ( j) is calculated according to the relationship:
Translation - Chinese 内部衡量法（IMA）
内部衡量法是一种综合的计量方法，需要大量的数据。这就解释了为何银行偏向使用损失分布法（IDA）。
内部衡量法的步骤如下所示：
a) 考虑每一个业务类别/事故类型组合的矩阵。巴塞尔资本协议是通过业务类别/损失事故类型的矩阵来确认潜在的操作风险。纵列是业务类别，横列是巴塞尔的七种损失事故类型。这七种事故类型包括：(1) 内部欺诈；(2)外部欺诈；(3) 实体资产损坏；(4) 经营中断和系统出错；(5) 客户、产品以及商业行为引起的风险事件；(6) 执行、交割以及交易过程管理的风险事件；(7) 雇用合同以及工作状况带来的风险事件。该矩阵（ELAi,j）每一个业务类别（i）中每个单元的预计损失量与内部损失数据中每个损失事故的关系如下表示：
Chinese to English: the construction of Lianyungang Port General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: History
Source text - Chinese 早在二十世纪初，孙中山等名人志士就已经勾勒描绘了“东方大港”蓝图。1933年11月21日，老窑孙家山临时木质结构码头竣工,招商局“同华轮”首次进港装货，标志着连云港港正式开港运营。1937年抗日战争爆发，港口被日军侵占，港口设施遭到严重破坏。抗战胜利后，国民党政府也只是对港口进行维持性的小修小补，港口发展停滞不前。直到新中国成立后，连云港港才在中国共产党领导下披荆斩棘、开拓奋进，开启了东方大港新征程。
Translation - English As early as the beginning of the twentieth century, celebrities like Sun Yat-sen have drawn the blueprint of “Oriental Super Port”. 21 November 1933, a temporary wooden structure dock was completed in Laoyao Sunjiashan and “Tonghua Ship” made by China Merchants approached in the Port loading for the first time, which symbolized the official operation of Lianyungang Port. The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937, and the Port was occupied by Japanese troops. Port facilities were severely vandalized. After the war, the Kuomintang government only did small repairs for maintenance purpose, and the Port development once stopped. After the establishment of the PRC, Lianyungang Port went through many difficulties and made progress under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and started its journey of becoming an Oriental Super Port.
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Master's degree - University of Westminster
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Years of experience: 14. Registered at ProZ.com: Oct 2013.
