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English to Turkish: Parent Info for Translation Apr 2012 Detailed field: Education / Pedagogy
Source text - English Information for Parents
We understand that it is a big decision for your son or daughter to study so far away from home. This information will help answer most of your questions. Please consider making the American Language Program at California State University, Fullerton a part of your son or daughter’s educational plan.
The Intensive English Program
The American Language Program at California State University, Fullerton offers English proficiency training for students at all levels. The classes help improve English skills and prepare students for their TOEFL or IELTS tests so they can be admitted to an American university. Students have many opportunities to practice their language skills with American conversation partners in the 24 hours of class time each week. Our experienced instructors have many years of language training and help students learn American culture.
The University: California State University, Fullerton
Since 1959 Cal State Fullerton has grown from a small college to a leading public university with over 35,000 students, offering over 100 graduate and undergraduate degrees. California State University, Fullerton is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, highly ranked among public universities. The campus is a safe place where international students can study and focus on their school work with plenty of opportunities for social interaction with American students as well as other international students.
The Location: Southern California
The city of Fullerton is centrally located between Los Angeles and San Diego – close to the beach and the mountains with many cultural and tourist attractions to enjoy. The city is a quiet residential community offering stores and restaurants within walking distance of the campus.
Housing
There are several housing options available, depending on when students enter the program:
Apartment-style student housing located within the university campus
The Home Stay program - international students are placed with American families to learn American culture and customs
Apartments for rent or lease within walking distance of the university
Whatever you and your son/daughter decide, we can assist you in arranging a place for them to live before they arrive. Contact us early to help you find the best option – call the International Student Services office at 657-278-2909 or email [email protected]
Campus Services
The university offers students many opportunities for growth and enjoyment. There are many food choices on or near the campus. The recreation center offers exercise equipment and a pool. The library has many resources for study, and the health center is there to help when students are sick. There are even banking services, computer labs, study areas and the bookstore where books and school supplies may be purchased.
Local Transportation
Public bus transportation is available to apartments, stores and businesses near the campus. For university students, bus transportation is free with their student I.D. card (issued upon arrival). Our staff can help students and find the correct routes and schedules.
Schedule and Fees
The American Language program offers 8 and 16 week programs – this flexible schedule allows new students to choose from five entry dates during the year to begin the program. Due to the long process of acquiring a student visa, applications should be submitted far in advance to allow time for processing. The required costs include tuition, fees and insurance. Costs for a place to live will depend on the student's housing choice. To apply to the program, the student must first fill out the application and send in the required paperwork. Visit the website for more details: www.alp.fullerton.edu
Contact the American Language Program: 657-278-8293, or [email protected]
www.alp.fullerton.edu
Translation - Turkish Ebeveynler İçin Bilgilendirme
Oğlunuzun veya kızınızın kendi evinden uzakta eğitimini sürdürecek olup olmamasının, sizler için alınacak çok büyük bir karar olduğunun farkındayız. Bu yüzden bunu oğlunuzun ve ya kızınızın eğitiminin bir parçası haline getirebilmeniz için, Fullerton'da bulunan Kaliforniya Eyalet Üniversitesi'nin Amerikan Dili Programı'nı göz ardı etmeyiniz.
Pekiştirmeli İngilizce Programı
Kaliforniya Eyalet Üniversitesi'nin Amerikan Dili Programı her seviyede ki bütün öğrencilere İngilizce yeterlilik eğitimi sunmaktadır. Dersler öğrencilerin herhangi bir Amerikan üniversitesine kabul edilebilmiş olmalarını sağlamak amacıyla; onların İngilizceye dair hünerlerini geliştirirken, bir yandan da öğrencileri TOEFL ve IELTS sınavlarına hazırlıyor. Aynı zamanda öğrencilerin, İngilizceye dair hünerlerini geliştirebilmek adına Amerikalı partnerlerle haftanın her günü, 24 saat karşılıklı konuşma şansları olacaktır. Dil üzerine uzun yıllar eğitim görmüş, tecrübeli eğitmenlerimiz de öğrencilerin Amerikan kültürünü öğrenebilmeleri için onlara yardım edeceklerdir.
Üniversite: Kaliforniya Eyalet Üniversitesi, Fullerton
1959'da Fullerton'da küçük bir üniversite olarak kurulan Kaliforniya Eyalet Üniversitesi; günümüzde 35,000 in üzerinde lisans öğrencisine eğitim vermiş ve onları mezun etmiş, büyük bir devlet üniversitesi haline gelmiştir. Western Association of Schools and Colleges tarafından da onaylanmış Kaliforniya Eyalet Üniversitesi, devlet üniversiteleri arasında yüksek bir itibara sahiptir. Üniversitenin kampüsü yabancı öğrencilere derslerine odaklanma ve çalışma imkanlarını sunar nitelikte ve Amerikan öğrencilerle ve diğer yabancı öğrencilerle sosyal olarak iletişim kurabilmelerini sağlayan, öğrencilere kendilerini güvende hissettiren bir yerdir.
Konumu: Güney Kaliforniya
Fullerton şehri Los Angeles ve San Diego'nun tam ortasında, dağlara ve sahile yakın, ayrıca kültürel ve turistik aktivitelerin yoğun olduğu bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Sessiz, sakin ve yaşamaya elverişli olan Fullerton şehrinde, aynı zamanda kampüse yürüyüş mesafesi yakınlığında restoranlar vardır.
Barınma
Öğrencilerin, eğitim programına ne zaman dahil olduklarına bağlı olarak çeşitlilik gösteren farklı barınma seçenekleri mevcuttur:
• Üniversite kampüsü dahilinde bulunan apartman stili öğrenci evleri
• Bir evde kalma programı - yabancı öğrenciler Amerikan kültürü ve geleneklerini öğrenmeleri adına Amerikan ailelerinin yanına misafir olarak yerleştirilirler.
• Üniversiteye yürüme mesafesi yakınlığında olan evlerin kiralanması
Oğlunuzun ve ya kızınızın kararlarına göre; onlara gelmeden önce bir yer ayarlama konusunda sizlere yardımcı olabiliriz. En iyi seçeneği bulabilmenize yardımcı olabilmemiz için lütfen bize önceden ulaşınız - Yabancı Öğrenci Hizmetleri Ofisi'ni arayınız: 657-278-2909 veya elektronik posta yollayınız: [email protected]
Kampüs Hizmetleri
Üniversitemiz öğrencilere gelişmeleri ve geçirdikleri vakitten keyif almaları için bir çok fırsat sunmaktadır. Kampüste ve ya kampüs civarlarında bir çok farklı yemek ve beslenme seçenekleri mevcuttur. İstirahat merkezimiz öğrencilere havuz ve spor ekipmanları sunmaktadır. Kütüphanemiz öğrencilere çalışabilmeleri için bir çok kaynak barındırmaktadır, öğrenciler hastalandıklarında onlara yardımcı olacak bir sağlık merkezimiz mevcuttur. Ayrıca kampüsümüzde öğrencilere bankacılık hizmetleri sunan yerler, bilgisayar laboratuvarları, çalışma alanları ve öğrencilerin dersleri için ihtiyaç duyacakları gereçleri tedarik edebilecekleri ve kitap satın alabilecekleri bir kitap evi bulunmaktadır.
Bölgesel Ulaşım
Kampüsün yakınında bulunan apartmanlar, dükkanlar ve iş yerlerine halk otobüsleriyle ulaşım mevcuttur. Üniversite öğrencileri için halk otobüslerinin kullanımı, öğrencilere geldiklerinde verilen öğrenci kimlik kartları ile ücretsizdir. Çalışanlarımız öğrencilere şehir içinde doğru yolları öğrenmeleri ve ulaşım araçlarının saat çizelgeleri hakkında bilgi edinmeleri konularında yardımcı olmak adına her zaman hazırlardır.
Ders Programı ve Ücretlendirmeler
Amerikan Dili Programı 8 ve 16 haftalık olmak üzere iki farklı program sunmaktadır - Bu esnek program yeni gelen öğrencilerin başlangıç için, sene içinde mevcut beş farklı tarihten birisini seçebilmeleri olanağını sağlamaktadır. Öğrenci vizesine sahip olma süresinin uzayabilme ihtimali dolayısıyla, ayarlamaların daha geniş bir zamana yayılabilmesi adına başvuruların mümkün olduğunca erken yapılması gerekmektedir. Gerekli harcamalara öğrenci harcı, aidatlar ve sigorta primi dahildir. Barınma maliyeti, öğrencinin yerleşim seçimine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Programa başvurmak için, öğrenciler öncelikle başvuru formunu doldurmalı ve gerekli belgeleri bize yollamalılardır. Daha fazla bilgi için web sayfamızı ziyaret ediniz: www.alp.fullerton.edu
Amerikan Dili Programı ile irtibata geçiniz: 657-278-8293, ve ya [email protected]
www.alp.fullerton.edu
French to English: Bitumage de la route Bouna - Doropo - Frontière du Burkina Spécifications Techniques General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Construction / Civil Engineering
Source text - French Bitumage de la route Bouna - Doropo - Frontière du Burkina
Spécifications Techniques
Consistance
La consistance des bétons frais devra être telle que les affaissements mesurés au cône ASTM restent compris entre CINQ (5) et NEUF (9) centimètres.
Le lot sera réputé conforme aux spécifications si les résultats d'essais de consistance se trouvent dans la fourchette requise. Si le résultat d'un essai de consistance est extérieur à
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la fourchette requise la gâchée (ou charge) correspondante pourra être rebutée et la gâchée suivante fera l'objet d'un nouveau prélèvement pour essai de consistance.
Si le résultat est encore extérieur à la fourchette requise, le bétonnage sera arrêté jusqu'à détermination des causes de l'anomalie et modification du réglage.
La première gâchée (ou charge) fabriquée à partir de ce nouveau réglage fera l'objet d'un essai qui devra se situer dans la fourchette requise.
Étude des bétons
Les études et les contrôles relatifs à la qualité des bétons sont soumis aux prescriptions des Articles 86 et 87 du Fascicule 65 du CCTG et à l'agrément de l'ingénieur.
L'Entrepreneur a la responsabilité de procéder aux études et contrôles, en temps utile pour respecter ses obligations contractuelles relatives au délai d'exécution quels que soient les résultats des essais.
Ces essais sont à la charge de l'Entrepreneur.
L’Ingénieur pourra autoriser l'Entrepreneur à démarrer la fabrication effective du béton si la résistance à la compression à sept (7) jours est au moins égale à quatre-vingt centièmes (80/100) de la résistance exigée à vint huit (28) jours. Si la résistance à vingt huit (28) jours n’est pas au moins égale à celle requise, il appartiendra à l’Entrepreneur de présenter un nouveau béton après avoir apporté à ses installations les améliorations nécessaires.
Si un lot est reconnu non conforme, ce lot pourra faire l’objet d’investigations complémentaires portant notamment sur des carottes prélevées sur du béton en place, et sur des essais non destructifs du béton en place.
La décision pourra alors être prise au vu de l’ensemble des informations.
Fabrication et transport des bétons
Fabrication sur le chantier
L'Entrepreneur sera soumis notamment aux prescriptions de l'Article 83.2 et l’annexe B du Fascicule 65 du CCTG.
Les appareils de fabrication mécanique des bétons seront :
soit du type à axe vertical ;
soit du type à coquilles ;
soit du type à axe horizontal avec vidange par renversement de marche.
Lorsque les appareils de fabrication des bétons seront placés à plus de 2 mètres de hauteur par rapport au fond des engins de transport, il sera prévu une trémie de stockage du béton frais avec vidange totale et instantanée.
Les constituants du béton seront introduits dans l'appareil de fabrication mécanique dans l'ordre suivant : granulats moyens et gros, ciment, sable, puis eau. L'Entrepreneur ne pourra procéder différemment que s'il est démontré qu'il en résulte une meilleure homogénéité des composants du béton. La fabrication de gâchées sèches en vue d'une addition ultérieure d'eau est interdite.
La durée du malaxage sera soumise par l'Entrepreneur à l'agrément de l'ingénieur.
Dans tous les cas, l'installation de fabrication devra être soumise à l'agrément de l'ingénieur.
Transport
L'emploi de transporteurs pneumatiques est interdit pour les bétons de qualité.
Dans le cas où les bétons destinés à certains ouvrages ne seraient pas fabriqués sur le chantier de mise en oeuvre de ces ouvrages, il sera fait application de l'Article 83.3 du Fascicule 65 du C.C.T.G. Le délai maximal compris entre la fabrication du béton et sa mise en place dans les coffrages, à définir selon la température maximale extérieure, et les
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moyens de déchargement du béton depuis les camions jusque dans les coffrages, seront également soumis à l'agrément de l'ingénieur. Celui-ci pourra subordonner son agrément à l'obtention des résultats d'une épreuve supplémentaire d'information portant sur le béton transporté. Cette épreuve sera entièrement à la charge de l'Entrepreneur.
Mise en place et durcissement des bétons
Mise en place des bétons
Le béton de qualité sera vibré dans la masse.
La mise en place des bétons devra satisfaire aux prescriptions de l'Article 84 du Fascicule 65 du CCTG.
Programme de bétonnage
L'Entrepreneur devra soumettre au visa de l'ingénieur le programme de bétonnage dans un délai de QUINZE (15) jours ouvrables avant tout commencement d'exécution.
Le programme de bétonnage devra indiquer :
le nombre des vibreurs utilisés, le nombre de vibreurs en réserve ;
le type et les caractéristiques des vibreurs ;
la durée d'action de chaque vibreur en chaque point et les conditions d'application.
Vibration du béton
Vibration interne
Il ne sera agréé que des vibrateurs à fréquence élevée, de Neuf Mille (9 000) à Vingt Mille (20 000) cycles par minute.
Vibration superficielle
La finition des dalles sera effectuée par vibration superficielle.
Cure des bétons
Le produit de cure pour bétons sera soumis par l'Entrepreneur à l'agrément de l'ingénieur. Sa mise en œuvre sera conforme à l'article 84.6.2 du Fascicule 65 du C.C.T.G.
Après bétonnage, les surfaces des tabliers seront obligatoirement protégées par des paillassons, des nattes ou des toiles maintenues ruisselants jour et nuit par des arrosages répétés autant de fois qu'il est nécessaire ou par des arrosages mécaniques permanents pendant au moins quarante huit (48) heures.
La cure des autres mortiers et bétons pourra être faite par humidification ou par un enduit temporaire imperméable, conformément aux prescriptions de l'Article 84.62 du Fascicule 65 du C.C.T.G. Dans ce dernier cas, le produit de cure proposé par l'Entrepreneur devra obligatoirement recevoir l'agrément de l'ingénieur.
Toute livraison de produit de cure donnera lieu à la présentation d'un certificat d'origine indiquant la date limite au-delà de laquelle les produits devront être mis au rebut.
La cure s'applique aux surfaces définitives et aux surfaces de reprise. Dans le cas d'emploi d'enduit de cure sur des surfaces de reprise, un repiquage et un nettoyage à vif de ces surfaces sont nécessaires avant toute mise en place du béton sur ces surfaces.
Bétonnage par temps chaud
Il sera fait application de l'Article 84.7.2 du Fascicule 65 du C.C.T.G.
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Adjuvants
Tout adjuvant sera mis en œuvre dans les conditions prescrites dans l'Article 82.4 du Fascicule 65 du CCTG.
Armatures pour béton armé
Les conditions d'emploi de ces armatures devront satisfaire aux recommandations incluses dans leur fiche d'identification instaurée par le Titre 1er du Fascicule 4 du C.C.T.G.
En l'absence d'acier soudable, toute fixation pour points de soudure sur chantier est interdite.
Les armatures seront façonnées et mises en place conformément aux calculs et dessins d'exécution agréés par l'ingénieur en observant les prescriptions :
de l'Article 72 du Fascicule 65 du CCTG.,
du Titre I, Section I du Fascicule 62 du CCTG.
L'enrobage de toute armature sera en principe au moins égal à deux virgule cinq (2,5) centimètres pour les parements coffrés.
Les prescriptions du chapitre 7 du Fascicule 65 du C.C.T.G. sont complétées comme suit :
Avant de commencer le bétonnage, l'Entrepreneur préviendra le représentant de l'ingénieur chargé de la surveillance, pour lui permettre de vérifier le nombre, les dimensions, la position et l'alignement des armatures.
Pour la correction des imperfections de ferraillage, les armatures seront au besoin enlevées des coffrages et replacées correctement après les dressages utiles.
Pour les aciers à haute adhérence, le pliage des barres devra être obligatoirement effectué sur mandrins ; les rayons de courbure rapportés à l'axe des barres pliées, s'il s'agit d'acier à haute adhérence devront satisfaire aux conditions reprises dans l'agrément dont devra obligatoirement avoir fait l'objet l'acier utilisé.
Lorsqu'il y a lieu de constituer une armature avec plusieurs barres, les recouvrements seront répartis sur toute la longueur, de telle sorte que dans une section, il y ait au moins les 2/3 de l'armature en barre continue.
On ne versera jamais de coulis de ciment sur les armatures ; aux reprises de travail, on enlèvera soigneusement les matières inertes et les éclaboussures de mortier qui auraient pu se déposer sur les armatures.
Les armatures seront disposées dans les coffrages exactement aux emplacements prévus sur plans. Elles seront arrimées ou fixées par ligatures. Des cales en béton en nombre suffisant seront placées et permettront le respect des bétons de recouvrement.
Surface et étanchéité du tablier
Préparation du support
Le support sur lequel l'étanchéité est à mettre en œuvre est considéré comme respectant les stipulations du C.C.T.G. et du CCTP relatives à la construction du gros œuvre, concernant les tolérances géométriques d'exécution et la qualité du béton de l'extrados de la dalle. La hauteur des engravures est considérée comme au moins égale à dix (10) centimètres.
Le support recevra la préparation minimale et normale suivante :
l’élimination des matières sans cohésion : argile, terre, poussière, laitance, etc. et du produit de cure éventuel,
le nettoyage définitif de la surface à étancher par balayage et/ou aspiration suivi, si besoin est, d'un lavage à l'eau propre et sous pression.
Ces deux opérations seront menées simultanément et réitérées autant que de besoins.
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Les procédés, matériels et programmes nécessaires à cette préparation, seront soumis au visa de l’ingénieur. La mise en oeuvre de l'étanchéité ne sera faite que sur son autorisation, après examen par ses soins de la préparation du support.
Couche d'accrochage
L'application se fera au balai à poils souples ou par pulvérisation, ou par une combinaison des deux. L'usage de la raclette en caoutchouc est prohibé.
On appliquera sur une surface sèche. L'application sur une surface humide ou sous la pluie est prohibée.
Le produit recouvrira toute la surface et les manques seront repris, les accumulations seront éliminées.
Première couche d’étanchéité
Le travail ne doit être ni entrepris ni poursuivi, avant que le support soit sec et les solvants de l'enduit d'imprégnation évaporés.
La mise en oeuvre se fait par "soudage en plein" au chalumeau à gaz.
Le réchauffage devra être uniforme sur toute la largeur du rouleau pour permettre de créer un bourrelet de bitume fondu au pied du rouleau; il devra cependant ne pas être excessif au point de risquer de détériorer la chape.
Après pose des différents lés avec recouvrements d’un (1) centimètre environ sur l'aluminium, les joints seront repris à la spatule et au chalumeau de façon à parfaire leur soudure et afin de leur donner un profil biais adoucissant le changement d'épaisseur au droit du recouvrement.
La chape de bitume armé sera relevée verticalement sur la hauteur totale de l'engravure.
À toute extrémité ou coupure du tablier, la chape de bitume armé sera laissée telle quelle, ou, en cas d'absence de joint, prolongée en descendant jusqu'à la ligne définie par les dessins contractuels.
Les pénétrations seront traitées conformément aux règles de l'art précisées dans les DTU.
Deuxième couche d’étanchéité
Immédiatement avant la mise en oeuvre de cette deuxième couche, des bandes de papier crêpé autocollant de huit (8) centimètres de large seront mises en place, centrées sur tous les joints entre les différents lés de la première couche et là où la feuille d'aluminium sera endommagée. L'aluminium sera séché et le papier marouflé.
Le matériel de transport et de mise en oeuvre devra assurer :
le maintien de la température du produit dans la fourchette prescrite,
une homogénéisation parfaite du matériau.
Il ne devra pas apporter de souillures sur le chantier.
La deuxième couche "d'asphalte coulé dit porphyré" aura une épaisseur telle que l'épaisseur totale du complexe étanche soit de trente (30) millimètres dans le cas courant ou de trente-cinq (35) millimètres dans le cas où l'Entrepreneur lui-même ou le CCTP prévoit une circulation d'engins de terrassements préalablement à la mise en oeuvre des couches de chaussée. Ces épaisseurs sont des moyennes.
La réutilisation de matériaux déposés est interdite.
Le matériau devra être au moment de la mise en oeuvre à une température comprise entre deux cent trente cinq (235° C) degrés et deux cent cinquante cinq (255° C) degrés. Pendant sa fabrication la température ne devra jamais dépasser deux cent soixante (260°C) degrés au plus.
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Aux extrémités de chaque tablier, la seconde couche d'étanchéité sera laissée en l'état de façon à permettre la mise en oeuvre du dispositif destiné à assurer la continuité de l'étanchéité sous le joint, ou, en cas d'absence de joint, prolongée en descendant jusqu'à la ligne définie par les dessins contractuels.
En aucun cas, la surface de la couche ne doit présenter de points bas intermédiaires, sauf où il en aurait été reconnu lors de la préparation de surface.
Essais à effectuer sur les produits pour la chape d’étanchéité
Des essais de réception et de contrôle (teneur en bitume, bille et anneau, indentation Wilson ou Office des Asphaltes) à la cadence d'une série par 200 m2 et par couche seront exécutés sur des prélèvements effectués lors de la mise en œuvre.
Mise en œuvre des équipements
L'entrepreneur proposera la chronologie d'exécution qu'il envisage pour les travaux d'équipement.
Joints de chaussée
La pose des joints sera conforme aux spécifications relatives aux joints de chaussée dossier pilote JADE 68 du S.E.T.R.A. et de ses mises à jour.
Les joints de chaussée seront posés après exécution de la couche de roulement.
La période d'exécution et le réglage des joints en fonction de la température seront soumis à l'agrément de l’ingénieur. Toutefois, le dispositif d’ancrage des joints dans les culées et les tabliers devra être placé lors du bétonnage.
Appareils d’appui
Appareils
Les appareils d’appui devront être dégagés des maçonneries de manière à ce que leur liberté de fonctionnement soit totale.
Les appareils d’appui ne devront, en aucun cas risquer de baigner dans l’eau stagnante sur le chevêtre. Ils seront posés sur un bossage d’une hauteur au moins égale à 5 cm. Le collage des appuis est interdit.
L’entrepreneur justifiera les conditions de pose et de fonctionnement ultérieur de ces appareils en tenant compte des éléments suivants
date de température probable de pose,
déformations différées au moment de la pose,
variations thermo hydrométriques.
Bossages pour appareils d’appui
L’entrepreneur pourra utilement s’inspirer, pour l'exécution des bossages et la pose des appareils d’appui, des recommandations de la brochure “Environnement des appareils d’appui” édité par le S.E.T.R.A. et le L.C.P.C. édition 1978.
Les bossages inférieurs sur culées et piles seront préfabriqués à l’aide d’un micro béton défini ci-dessous, posés et calés sur mortier de pose.
Composition des mortiers et micro béton pour bossages
La composition du micro béton pour bossages sera soumise par l’Entrepreneur à l’agrément de l’ingénieur. Elle devra comporter du sable 0/2.5, des gravillons 2.5/7.1 et 7.1/12.5, un dosage minimal de 400 kg/m3 de ciment CPA 55.
La composition des mortiers de calage pour appareils d’appuis sera soumise à l’agrément de l’ingénieur, elle pourra comporter éventuellement des résines.
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Tolérances concernant l’exécution des bossages
Tolérance sur l’implantation en plan : /-10 mm
Tolérance en planéité de la surface des bossages : /-1 mm
Écart maximal toléré en horizontalité entre les bords extrêmes : 1 mm
Gargouilles
Les gargouilles seront mises en oeuvre dans les hourdis ou dalles avant le bétonnage.
Il sera veillé à la bonne étanchéité du raccordement du caniveau d’entrée d’eau et à l’absence de contre-pente ou contre obstacle à l’écoulement des eaux dans ce raccordement.
Descentes d’eau pour gargouilles
Les gargouilles seront prolongées par des descentes d’eau apparentes de 100 mm de diamètre.
Elles dépasseront le talon des poutres préfabriquées de rive au moins de cinq centimètres.
Elles seront fixées au talon des poutres préfabriquées ou au tablier par un dispositif qui sera précisé dans les plans d’exécution.
Barbacanes
Des barbacanes seront encastrées dans les perrés, dans les maçonneries de moellons, dans les culées, dans les murs de soutènement et les parois, dont elles constituent une sujétion. Elles seront conformes aux indications de l’Article 3.14 du présent CCTP.
Les barbacanes seront espacées dans les murs de deux (2) mètres horizontalement et un mètre cinquante (1,50) verticalement, deux rangées successives étant disposées en quinconce.
SIGNALISATION ET ÉQUIPEMENT Préambule
La signalisation comprend :
la signalisation horizontale avec les marquages au sol ;
la signalisation verticale avec les panneaux de police, les panneaux directionnels et de localisation ; les balises de virage et les bornes kilométriques ;
la fourniture et la pose de glissières de sécurité.
L’Entrepreneur soumet à l’ingénieur, au plus tard vingt et un (21) jours avant le début des travaux sur la section considérée, par section de 10 km, les zones localisées sur des plans où une signalisation horizontale s’impose, les endroits où il y a lieu de placer des panneaux de police, des panneaux directionnels ainsi que les panneaux de localisation et les zones où il y a lieu de prévoir des glissières de sécurité et des balises de virages. Il est entendu que, tant pour la signalisation horizontale et verticale que pour les équipements, les travaux sont limités au strict nécessaire imposé par des raisons de sécurité routière.
Le tableau ci-après donne, à titre indicatif, les éléments qui ont servi à établir les quantités présumées du détail estimatif.
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a) Siqnalisation horizontale Courbes, alignements et sommets Bandes axiales continues et discontinues
b) Siqnalisation verticale Panneaux de police Signaux relatifs à la priorité : - carrefours Triangulaire “Céder le passage”
Octogonal “STOP” arrêt et céder le passage Triangulaire “Voie prioritaire”
Signaux danger :
- courbe de rayon < 240 m Triangulaire “Virage dangereux”
Signaux d’interdiction :
- points singuliers/traversée des villages Circulaire “Limitation de vitesse” et “Interdiction de dépasser”
Panneaux directionnels Carrefour Flèche directionnelle
Panneaux de localisation Entrée et sortie villes et villages Indication du nom du lieu
c) Équipements de sécurité - courbe à signaler Balise de virage
- accès au pont Glissière de sécurité de part et d’autre sur 20 m.
Signalisation horizontale
Définition des travaux
Les travaux consistent à marquer l’axe de la route aussi bien dans les alignements que dans les courbes et sommets, ainsi qu’aux endroits désignés par l’ingénieur, d’une bande axiale continue et/ou discontinue par une peinture rétro-réfléchissante.
La peinture est de couleur blanche, rétro-réfléchissante mélangée à des perles réfléchissantes de verre transparent (ballotini) qui seront maintenues en suspension. La durée de vie est d’au moins 12 mois. Tout produit doit être agréé par l’ingénieur. L’Entrepreneur doit fournir les certificats d’homologation du pays d’origine du matériau datant de moins de trois (3) ans. Chaque récipient contenant la peinture doit mentionner le numéro d’homologation, la date de fabrication et la date de péremption.
Les lieux de stockage des produits doivent être secs, aérés et à l’abri du rayonnement du soleil.
Mise en œuvre
Avant application, la surface à peindre doit être débarrassée, par brossage mécanique, de toute poussière. Les travaux de peinture ne peuvent s’effectuer que par temps sec.
Les quantités à mettre en oeuvre doivent être conformes aux prescriptions du fabricant de peinture. L’incorporation de billes de verre doit suivre immédiatement la pose de l’enduit.
Contrôle
Contrôle quantitatif
Le contrôle des quantités se fait par pesée avant et immédiatement après application du produit sur une plaque de tôle de 1,50 m par 0,30 m, sur l’initiative de l’ingénieur. Si le dosage est inférieur de 15 % à celui prescrit, l’Entrepreneur procède, à ses frais, à l’application d’une couche supplémentaire immédiatement.
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Contrôle géométrique
Les contrôles géométriques se font à l’initiative de l’ingénieur. L’Entrepreneur procède, à ses frais, pour tous travaux qui s’avéreraient nécessaires afin que les dimensions prévues soient respectées.
Signalisation verticale
Définition des travaux
Les travaux consistent à placer le long de la chaussée, dans l’accotement, aux endroits prévus sur les plans d’exécution de l’Entrepreneur et/ou selon les indications de l’ingénieur, des panneaux de police, des panneaux directionnels et des panneaux de localisation.
La localisation des différents panneaux est désignée par l’ingénieur.
Panneaux et supports
Les panneaux sont en tôle d’aluminium de 1,5 mm d’épaisseur. Les inscriptions et dessins sont émaillés.
Les poteaux de fixation sont usinés hors tubes lisses en acier doux et une extrémité est encapuchonnée. Leurs diamètres sont au moins égaux à 76 mm. Ils sont traités contre la corrosion par un revêtement zingué et deux couches de peinture. La deuxième couche est de teinte vert olive.
Avant toute pose, l’Entrepreneur fournit pour approbation à l’ingénieur un échantillon des différents types de panneaux de police (circulaire, triangulaire et octogonal), de direction et de localisation, ainsi que des échantillons des poteaux de fixation.
Dimensions des panneaux
Les dimensions des panneaux sont de type “normal”, soit :
panneaux triangulaires 100 cm de côté
panneaux circulaires : 85 cm de diamètre
panneaux octogonaux 80 cm de largeur
Carré côté 75 cm pour panneaux de prescription,
panneaux directionnels 30 cm de hauteur
panneaux de localisation 30 cm de hauteur.
Les longueurs des poteaux sont telles que le bord inférieur des panneaux soit à 1,80 m au- dessus du sol.
Mise en œuvre
Les travaux comprennent :
l’implantation du panneau conformément aux plans d’exécution de l’Entrepreneur et/ou aux directives de l’ingénieur ;
la mise en œuvre d’une fondation en béton ;
la pose du ou des poteaux. Les panneaux de localisation, quand leur longueur dépasse
m et les panneaux directionnels sont fixés sur deux poteaux ;
le soudage des panneaux et signaux sur des supports en tube obstrués à leurs extrémités et galvanisés.
Équipement
Définition des travaux
Les travaux consistent à placer le long de la chaussée, dans l’accotement, aux endroits prévus sur les plans d’exécution de l’Entrepreneur et/ou selon les indications de l’ingénieur, des balises de virages et des bornes kilométriques.
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Balises de virages
Les balises de virages sont circulaires, de 20 cm de diamètre et de 140 cm de hauteur. Elles sont préfabriquées en béton C350 avec une légère armature d’assemblage. Les prescriptions prévues au Titre III - § 3.8, relatives au béton C350 sont d’application.
Elles sont peintes en blanc avec une bande rouge rétrofléchissante dans la partie supérieure.
Bornes kilométriques
Elles sont préfabriquées en béton C350 avec une légère armature d’assemblage. Les prescriptions prévues au Titre III - § 3.8, relatives au béton C350, sont d’application.
Les surfaces des bornes faisant saillie du sol sont peintes avec 3 couches d’une peinture agréée par l’ingénieur.
Les inscriptions (texte et taille des caractères) sur les bornes sont définies à l’Entrepreneur par l’ingénieur. Elles comportent :
sur chaque face dans le sens de circulation, le nom et le kilométrage de la localité la plus proche, le nom et le kilométrage de la ville la plus proche,
sur la tranche, la distance par rapport à l’origine de la route,
sur la calotte, la classe et le numéro de la route.
Mise en œuvre
Les travaux comprennent :
l’implantation des balises, conformément aux plans d’exécution de l’Entrepreneur ou selon les indications de l’ingénieur. Les balises de virage se placent dans l’accotement extérieur des courbes et où il n’y a pas de glissière. L’espacement entre les balises est compris entre 10 et 20 m ;
l’implantation des bornes kilométriques, conformément aux indications de l’ingénieur. Les bornes sont implantées dans l’accotement du côté droit, en allant dans le sens des PK croissants et à la limite extérieure de l’accotement ;
la fourniture et la mise en place des balises et des bornes. La profondeur des fondations est d’au moins 40 cm.
Glissière de sécurité
Définition des travaux
Les travaux consistent à placer le long de la chaussée, sur le bord extérieur de l’accotement, des glissières de sécurité métalliques selon les indications de l’ingénieur.
Les glissières de sécurité seront de type souple (GS2 ou GS4), à liaison par superposition, conformes à la Circulaire n° 72-5 du 22 Janvier 1970 du SETRA du Ministère Français de l’Équipement.
Le métal de base sera l’acier A 24.1 galvanisé à chaud (revêtement de 80 microns).
Les glissières sont placées dans les courbes, dans l’accotement extérieur, lorsque la hauteur du remblai dépasse 4 m sur une longueur supérieure à 10 m, ainsi qu’aux accès aux ponts, de part et d’autre de ceux-ci, sur une longueur de 60 m au moins.
Élément de glissement
Les éléments de glissement seront métalliques avec protection anti-corrosive par zingage. Le produit doit être agréé préalablement par l’ingénieur. L’Entrepreneur doit fournir les certificats d’homologation du pays d’origine du matériau, datant de moins de 3 ans.
Les dispositifs d’écartement seront conformes aux normes du SETRA. Le métal de base sera l’acier E 24.3, plié à froid, soudé et galvanisé à chaud (revêtement de 80 microns).
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Les vis, écrous et rondelles seront protégés par dépôt électrolytique de zinc.
L’Entrepreneur doit fournir les certificats d’homologation du pays d’origine du matériau, datant de moins de 3 ans.
Support et fixation
Les supports de glissières sur remblai et sur ouvrages seront constitués de profilés VPN 140. Le métal de base sera l’acier A 33 galvanisé à chaud (revêtement de 80 microns). Le dispositif de fixation est métallique assurant un écartement de 20 cm.
Mise en œuvre
Les travaux consistent en :
la pose, par fonçage, dans l’accotement, des supports métalliques tous les 4 m. La fiche du support doit avoir au moins 50 cm ;
la fixation des éléments de glissement, de façon que l’arête supérieure soit à 70 cm au- dessus de l’accotement ;
un réglage fin, afin d’obtenir le parallélisme entre l’arête supérieure de l’élément de glissement et la chaussée ;
la pose à chaque extrémité d’éléments “enterrés” ;
la peinture en rouge et blanc des éléments de glissement.
Garde-corps
Le mode de réalisation des garde-corps sera conforme aux spécifications du dossier G.C 77 du SETRA.
L'Entrepreneur proposera à l’agrément de l’ingénieur les dessins d'exécution, le mode de fabrication, les dispositions de pose et la protection envisagée.
Les surfaces au droit des blessures, des coupes ou des soudures exécutées sur chantier seront reconditionnées.
Translation - English Asphalting of the road Bouna - Doropo - Border of Burkina Faso Technical specifications
b) Consistency
The consistency of fresh concrete must be such as the subsidence measured on the ASTM cone remain between five (5) and nine (9) inches. The lot will be renowned correspondent to specifications if the trial results of consistency are in the requested range. If the result of a try of consistency is outside of the requested range the wasted (or load) correspondent will be able to be cast down and the following wasted will be the object of a new sample for try of consistency.
If result is still outside of the requested range, concreting will be stopped up to determination of reasons of anomaly and modification of regulating.
The first wasted one (or load) fabricated from this new regulating will be the object of a try which will have to be in the requested range.
4.6.1 Study of concretes
Studies and controls relating to the quality of concretes are subjected to the prescripts of Articles 86 and 87 of the Booklet 65 of CCTG and to the amenity of the engineer.
The Businessman has the responsibility to undertake studies and controls, in time to respect his contractual obligations relating to the delay of execution whatever are the results of tries.
These tries are under the charge of the Businessman.
The Engineer will be able to authorize the Businessman to start the real manufacturing of concrete if the resistance to compression in seven (7) days is equal at least to eighty of hundred performances (80/100) of demanded resistance in twenty eight (28) days. If the resistance in twenty eight (28) days is not equal at least to the requested, it will be up to the Businessman to introduce a new concrete having brought necessary improvements in its installations.
If a lot is acknowledged to be not correspondent, this lot will be able to be the object of supplementary investigations notably concerning plugs taken from some concrete in place, and with tries which won't destroy the concrete in place.
Decision will then be able to be made in view of all information.
4.6.2 Manufacture and transport of concretes
a) Manufacture on the construction site
The Businessman will notably be subjected to the prescripts of the Article 83.2 and the annex B of the Booklet 65 of CCTG.
The apparatuses of mechanical manufacture of concretes will be:
• the type with vertical axle is;
• the type with shells is;
• the type with horizontal axle with emptying by inversion of step.
When the apparatuses of manufacture of concretes will be put in more than 2 metres high in comparison with the bottom of the devices of transport, will be envisaged a tunnel of stocking of cool concrete with complete and instantaneous emptying.
The constituents of the concrete will be introduced in the mechanical manufacturing unit in the following order: medium and coarse aggregates, cement, sand, and water. The contractor may proceed differently than if it is shown that it follows a better homogeneity of the concrete components. The manufacture of wasted dry for a subsequent addition of water is prohibited.
The duration of mixing will be submitted by the contractor to the approval of the engineer.
In all cases, the manufacturing facility must be submitted to the approval of the engineer.
b) Transportation
The use of pneumatic conveyors is prohibited for quality concrete.
Where concrete for some works are not manufactured on the construction site of these works, the section 83.3 of the specification of the C.C.T.G. will be applied. Also, the maximum period between the manufacture of concrete and its implementation in the formwork, to set the maximum temperature, and means of unloading of the concrete from the trucks into the formwork, be submitted to the approval of the engineer. It may make its approval on the results of an additional test information on transported concrete. This event will be entirely at the responsibility of the contractor.
4.6.3 Installation and hardening of concretes
a) Installation of concretes
Quality concrete will be vibrated in the mass.
The installation of concretes will have to meet the prescripts of the Article 84 of the Booklet 65 of CCTG.
b) Concrete work program
The Businessman will have to subject the concrete work program to the visa of the engineer within FIFTEEN (15) working days before executing.
The concrete work program shall include:
•the number of the vibrators used, the number of vibrators in reserve;
•the type and characteristics of the vibrators;
•duration of action of each vibrator in each point and conditions for application.
c) Vibration of the concrete
□ Internal vibration
It will be approved only vibrators at raised frequency, of Nine Thousand (9 000) to Twenty Thousand (20 000) cycles per minute.
□ Superficial vibration
The completion of the flagstones will be carried out by surface vibration.
d) Cure of concrete
The curing agent for concretes will be subjected by the Entrepreneur to the approval of the engineer. Its implementation will be in conformity with article 84.6.2 of Booklet 65 of the C.C.T.G.
After concreting, surfaces of the aprons will be obligatorily protected by door mats, plaits or fabrics maintained streaming day and night by the watering repeated as many times as it is necessary or by permanent mechanical watering during at least forty-eight (48) hours.
The cure of the other mortar and concrete may be made by moistening or a temporary waterproof coating, in accordance with Article issue 65 of the C.C.T.G. stamping In the latter case, the product of cure proposed by the contractor must receive the approval of the engineer.
Any delivery of product of cure will result in the presentation of a certificate of origin indicating the date limit beyond which the products must be discarded.
The cure applies to final surfaces and surfaces of recovery. In the case of use of coating of cure on surfaces of recovery, a transplanting and a cleaning of these surfaces are necessary before installation of the concrete on these surfaces.
e) Concreting in hot weather
Article 84.7.2 of the specification of the C.C.T.G. will be applied
f) Adjuvants
Any adjuvant will be implemented under the conditions prescribed in Article 51.2 of the specification of the GTCC.
4.6.4 Armatures for reinforced concrete
The conditions of uses of these frames will have to meet the recommendations included in their form by the 1st title of issue 4 of the C.C.T.G.
In the absence of weldable steel, any fixing for points of soldering on building site is prohibited.
The frames will be shaped and implemented in accordance with the calculations and drawings approved by the engineer observing the requirements:
•article 72 of Booklet 65 of the CCTG.,
•title I, Section I of Booklet 62 of the CCTG.
The coating of any reinforcement will be in theory at least equal to two point five (2.5) centimetres for the cased facings.
The regulations of chapter 7 of Booklet 65 of the C.C.T.G are supplemented as follows:
(1)Before concreting, the contractor will prevent the representative of the engineering supervision, to enable it to verify the number, dimensions, position and alignment of the fittings.
(2)To correct the imperfections of reinforcement, reinforcement will be needed to removed formwork and repositioned correctly after useful dressings.
(3) For steels with high grip, folding bar will be obligatorily performed on cores, the radii of curvature reported to the axis of bent bars, if it is made of high adhesion must meet the requirements included in the approval which must necessarily have been the steel used.
(4) When it is necessary to constitute a reinforcement with several bars, coverings will be distributed over the entire length, so that in a section, there is at least 2/3 of the continuous bar reinforcement.
(5) Cement grout will never be poured on the reinforcements; with the resumptions of work, the inert matter and the splashes of mortar which could have settled on the reinforcements will be carefully removed.
(6) The reinforcements will be laid out in the formwork exactly with the sites envisaged on plans. They will be fastened or fixed by bindings. Concrete holds of sufficient number will be placed and will allow the respect of the concretes of covering.
4.6.5 Surface and sealing of the apron
a) Preparation of the support
The support on which the sealing is to be implemented is regarded as respecting the stipulations of the C.C.T.G and the CCTP relating to the construction of carcass work, relating to the geometrical tolerances for performance and the quality of the concrete of the suction face of the flagstone. The height of gravures is considered to be at least equal to ten (10) centimeters.
The support will receive the minimal and normal preparation following:
the elimination of the matters non-cohesive: clay, is in hiding, dust, milt, etc and of the possible curing agent,
the final cleaning of surface to be sealed by sweeping and/or aspiration followed, if need be, of one washing to clean water and under pressure.
These two operations will be carried out simultaneously and repeated as well as needs.
The processes, materials and programs necessary to this preparation, will be submitted to the visa of the engineer. The implementation of the sealing will be made only on its authorization, after review by its care of the preparation of the support.
b) Tack coat
The application will be done with the brush with flexible hairs or by pulverization, or a combination of both. The use of the rubber scraper is prohibited.
Will be applied on a dry surface. The application on a wet surface or under the rain is prohibited.
The product will cover the surface and the gaps will be filled, accumulations will be eliminated.
c) First layer of sealing
Work should be neither undertaken nor continued, before support is dry and impregnation coating solvents evaporated.
The implementation is done by "full welding" blowtorch
The heater shall be identical over the entire width of the roll to allow to create a strip of asphalt melted at the foot of the roll; it will however not be excessive to the point of risk of damaging the yoke.
After installation of the various breadths with coverings of one (1) centimetre approximately on aluminium, the joints will be taken again with the spatula and the blowtorch in order to perfect their welding and in order to give them an oblique profile softening the thickness change to the right of covering.
Reinforced asphalt screed will be raised vertically for the total height of the engraving.
With any end or cut of the apron, the reinforced asphalt cover will be left such as it is, or, in the event of absence of joint, will be prolonged while going down to the line defined by the contractual drawings.
The penetrations will be treated in accordance with the code of practice specified in the DTU.
d) The second sealing layer
Immediately prior to the implementation of this second layer, strips of crepe paper sticker eight (8) inches in width will be set up, all centered on the joints between the different widths of the first layer and where the sheet of aluminum will be damaged. The aluminum will be dried and paper bound.
Transport and equipment shall ensure:
maintaining the temperature of the product within the specified range,
a perfect homogenisation of material.
It should not bring stains on the construction site. The second layer of mastic asphalt says porphyry' will have a thickness such as the total thickness of the sealed complex or 30-mm in the common case of thirty-five (35) mm where the contractor himself or the CCTP provides a flow of gear of earthworks prior to the layers of pavement. These thicknesses are averages.
The re-use of deposited material is prohibited.
The material will have to be at the time of the implementation at a temperature ranging between two hundred thirty-five (235° C) degrees and two hundred fifty-five (255° C) degrees. During its manufacturing the temperature will never have to exceed two hundred and sixty (260°C) degrees at the maximum.
At the ends of each apron, the second layer of sealing will be left in the state in order to allow the implementation of the device intended to ensure the continuity of the sealing under the joint, or, in the absence of joint extended down to the line defined by the contract drawings.
Under no circumstances, the surface of the layer must present intermediate low points, except where it in would have been recognized during surface preparation.
e) Tests to be carried out on the products for the protective layer
Control and acceptance tests (asphalt content, ball-tests and ring, indentation Wilson or Office of Asphalts) at the rate of a series by 200 m2 and layer will be carried out on samples in the implementation.
4.6.15 Mise in work of the equipment
The contractor will propose the execution timeline he envisions for the work.
a) Joints of pavement
The installation of joints will conform to specifications for joints of pavement folder pilot JADE 68 of the S.E.T.R.A. and its updates.
Joints of pavement will be laid after execution of the wearing course.
The period of execution and the adjustment of the joints according to the temperature will be subjected to the approval of the engineer. However, the rail anchor of the joints in the abutments and the aprons will have to be placed during the concreting.
b) Bearing apparatuses
□ Apparatuses
The bearing apparatuses will have to be released from masonries so that their freedom of operation is total.
The bearing devices will not have, in no case, to be likely to bathe in stagnant water on the bandage. They will be posed on an embossing a height at least equal to 5 cm. The joining of the supports is prohibited.
The entrepreneur will justify the conditions of installation and later operation of these devices by taking account of the following elements:
- probable date of temperature of installation,
- deformations differed at the moment from the installation,
- hydrometric variations thermo.
□ Bossages for bearing apparatuses
The contractor may usefully be inspired, for execution of the bosses and the laying of bearings, recommendations of the brochure 'The devices support environment' published by the S.E.T.R.A. and the 1978 edition L.C.P.C..
Lower embossings on abutments and piles will be prefabricated using a micro concrete defined below, will be posed and fixed on screed.
Composition of the mortars and micro concrete for embossings
The composition of the micro concrete for embossings will be subjected by the Entrepreneur to the approval of the engineer. It will have to comprise sand 0/2.5, fine gravels 2.5/7.1 and 7.1/12.5, a minimal proportioning of 400 cement kg/m3 CPA 55.
The composition of the mortars of chock for bearing apparatuses will be subjected to the approval of the engineer, it may possibly contain resins.
Tolerances concerning the execution of embossings
- Tolerance on the establishment in plan: /-10 mm
- Tolerance in flatness of the surface of embossings: /-1 mm
- Maximum variation tolerated in horizontality between the extreme edges: 1 mm
c) Gargoyles
The gargoyles will be put in work in the hollow blocks or flagstones before the concreting. It will be taken care of the good sealing of the connection of the gutter of water entry and of the absence of counterslope or against obstacle of the water run-off in this connection.
d) Descents of water for gargoyles
The gargoyles will be extended by related water descents of 100 mm in diameter. They extend beyond the heel of the precast girders at least five centimeters. They will be attached to the heel of the precast girders or deck by a device that will be specified in execution plans.
e) Barbicans
Barbicans will be embedded in the facings, the rubble works, the abutments, the wall and retaining walls, of which they constitute a subjection. They will be in conformity with the indications of Article 3.14 of this CCTP.
The barbicans will be spaced in the walls of two (2) meters horizontally and one meter fifty ( $1.50 ) vertically, two successive rows are arranged in staggered rows.
4.7 SIGNALISATION AND EQUIPMENT
Preamble
the signalisation includes:
•the horizontal signaling with the markings on the ground.
•the vertical signaling with signboards of police, the directional signs and location; turn tag and mileage terminals;
•the provision and installation of guardrails.
The Entrepreneur submits to the engineer, at the latest twenty one (21) days before the beginning of work on the section considered, by section of 10 km, the zones located on plans where carriageway markings are essential, the places where it is necessary to place signboards of police,
Directional signboards as well as the signboards of localization and the areas where it is appropriate to provide guardrails and turn tags.
It is understood that, for horizontal and vertical signalling equipment, work for both are limited to the bare necessities imposed by reasons of road safety.
The following table gives indicative elements that were used to establish the amounts of estimated retail.
a) Horizontal Signalisation Curves, alignments and tops Continuous and discontinuous axial bands
b) Vertical Signalisation Panels of police Signals relating to the priority: - crossroads Triangular 'Give way' octagonal 'STOP' stop and yield triangular 'Priority road'
Danger signals : - radius curve < 240 m Triangular 'dangerous turn'
Prohibitory signs:-singulars/crossing points of the villages Circular 'Speed Limitation' and 'Prohibition to exceed'
Directional signs crossroads Directional arrow
Signboards of localization entrances and exits of towns and villages Indication of the name of the place
c) Safety equipments - curve to be announced turn point
- access to the bridge Guardrail and another on 20 m.
4.7.1 Horizontal Signalization
a) Definition of work
The work involves marking the axis of the road as well in alignments in curves and peaks, as well as at locations designated by the engineer, an axial band continuous and/or discontinuous with reflective paint.
The paint is white, reflective color mixed with reflective transparent glass beads (ballotini) which will be maintained in suspension. Life is at least 12 months. Every product must be approved by the engineer. The contractor shall provide the certificates of approval of the country of origin of the material dating back less than three (3) years. Each container of paint must mention the registration number, date of manufacture and expiry date.
The stock rooms of the products must be dry, ventilated and safe from radiation of the sun.
b) Implementation
Before application, surface to be painted must be disencumbered, by mechanical brushing, of any dust. Work of painting can be carried out only in dry weather.
The quantities to be implemented must comply with the requirements of the paint manufacturer. The incorporation of glass beads must immediately follow the laying of the coating.
c) Control
□ Quantitative Controle
The control of the quantities is done by weighing before and immediately after application of the product on a sheet plate of 1.50 m by 0.30 m, on the initiative of the engineer.
If the lower dosage is 15% to the one prescribed, the Contractor proceeds, at its own expense, to the application of an additional layer immediately.
□ geometrical control
The geometrical controls are done on the initiative of the engineer. The Entrepreneur proceeds, with his expenses, for all work which would prove to be necessary so that dimensions envisaged are respected.
4.7.2 Vertical Signalisation
a) Definition of work
The work involves placing police signs, directional signs and panels of localization along the pavement and the expected places on the execution plans of the contractor and/or as directed by the engineer.
The location of the different signboards is designated by the engineer.
b) signboars and supports
The signboards are made of 1.5 mm thick aluminium sheet. The inscriptions and drawings are glazed.
Fixing posts are machined out of plain-end pipes in mild steel and one end is hooded. Their diameters are at least equal to 76 mm. They are treated against corrosion by a galvanized coating and two coats of paint. The second layer is olive green hue.
Before any installation, the contractor provides for approval to the engineer a sample of the different types of police (circular, triangular and octagonal), direction and location signs, as well as samples of the mounting posts.
c) Board Dimensions
Dimensions of the panels are of “normal” type, that is to say:
-triangular boards: 100 cm
-Circular boards: 85 cm in diameter
-octagonal boards: 80 cm wide
-square side 75 cm for prescription panels
-directional boards: 30 cm of height
-panels of localisation: 30 cm of height
The lengths of the posts are such as the lower edge of the panels is to 1.80 m above the ground.
d) Implementation
The work includes:
•establishment of the board in accordance with the plans of execution of the Entrepreneur and/or the directives of the engineer;
•the implementation of a concrete foundation.
•the installation of the poles. The signs of localization, when their length exceeds 1.10 m and the signposts are fixed on two poles;
•the welding of the panels and signals on tube sockets blocked at their ends and galvanized.
4.7.3 Equipment
a) definition of work
Work consists of placing the beacons of turns and the milestones along the roadway, in the verge, at the places envisaged within execution of the Entrepreneur and/or according to the indications of the engineer.
□ Turn tags
Turns tags are circular, 20 cm in diameter and 140 cm in height. They are prefabricated concrete C350 with a light frame of assembly. The requirements laid down in title III-§ 3.8, related to the application of concrete C350.
They are painted in white with a red plates stripe at the top.
□ Milestones
The work includes:
•the ' implementation of tags, in accordance with the execution plans of the contractor or as directed by the engineer. Turn tags are placed in the outer shoulder curves and where there is no slide. The spacing between the tags is between 10 and 20 m;
•the implementation of milestones in accordance with the directions of the engineer. The terminals are located in the shoulder on the right side, moving in the direction of increasing PK and the outer edge of the shoulder;
•the supply and setting up the tags and terminals. The depth of the foundations is at least 40 cm.
4.7.4 Guardrails
a) Definition of work
The work involves placing metal safety rails as directed by the engineer along the roadway, on the outer edge of the shoulder.
The guardrails will be flexible (GS2 or GS4), type bound by superposition, in accordance with circular No. 72-5 of January 22, 1970, of the SETRA of the French Department of equipment.
The base metal will be hot galvanized steel A 24.1 (coating of 80 microns).
The guardrails are placed in the curves, in the verge external, when the height of the embankment exceeds 4 m over a length higher than 10 m, like with the access to the bridges, on both sides of those, over length at least a 60 m.
b) sliding element
Sliding elements will be metal with anti-corrosion protection by zinc plating. The product must be previously approved by the engineer. The contractor shall provide the certificates of approval of the country of origin of the material, dating from less than 3 years.
Gauge devices will conform to the standards of the SETRA. The base metal will be folded cold, steel E 15.1, welded and galvanized (coating 80 microns).
The screws, nuts and slices will be protected by electrolytic deposit from zinc.
The contractor shall provide the certificates of approval of the country of origin of the material, dating from less than 3 years.
c) Support and fixing
The supports of slides on fill and works will consist of shaped VPN 140. The base metal will be hot galvanized steel A 33 (coating of 80 microns). The fastening is metal ensuring a spacing of 20 cm.
d) Implemetation
The work includes:
•the installation, by sinking, in the verge, of the metal supports all the 4 m. the card of the support must have at least 50 cm;
• the fixing of the elements of sliding, so that the upper bone is in 70 cm above the verge;
• a fine regulating, to acquire the parallelism between the upper bone of the element of sliding and the putting on;
•installation at each end of “buried” elements;
•the painting of the sliding elements is in red and white .
4.7.5 Railings
The mode of realization of the railings will be in conformity with the specifications of file G.C 77 of the SETRA.
The contractor will propose the granting of the engineer the drawings, manufacturing, installation and proposed protection mode.
Surfaces with the the wounds, the cuts or the weldings carried out on building site will be reconditioned.
English to Turkish: missing phrase file_081112 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Construction / Civil Engineering
Source text - English Identified Uses for SILICIC ACID, MAGNESIUM SALT (magnesium silicate)
Version 1 - November 2010
Identified uses by workers in an industrial setting
Identified use name
Market sector
Polyol purification - automotive, construction and other industries
Anticaking agent for fertiliser
Detergents
Builders
Frying oil purification
Food additives/supplements
Pharmaceutical/medicinal products
Chemicals & agrochemicals
Hygiene & sanitary products
Construction industry additive
Anticaking agent for fertiliser
Based on ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical assessment Chapter R.12: Use descriptor system Version 2 March 2010
Key descriptor: Main user groups
Supplementary descriptor: Sectors of end-use
Exposure scenario for workplace exposure to sodium silicate powder
Exposure scenario for workplace exposure to sodium silicate solutions
Exposure scenario for use in consumer products
Identified uses by workers in an industrial setting
Identified uses by professional workers
Identified uses by consumers
Glossary of use descriptors
Title
Use Descriptor
Workplace exposure to sodium silicate powder
not required
Manufacture of the substance as well as industrial and professional uses.
Operational conditions and risk management measures
Whenever handling sodium silicate as a substance on its own (lumps/powder/granules) or liquid or in a preparation outside closed systems, depending on the use and concentration suitable personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, dust masks or respirators) are the preferred and only measure of control.
Worker Exposure Controls
Other Operational Conditions affecting worker exposure
Covers percentage substance in the product up to 100 %, unless otherwise stated.
No limit
Assumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented. The work occurs inside as well as outside
Contributing Scenarios
Provide enhanced general ventilation by mechanical means
Not required, as soluble silicates, including sodium silicate, do not meet the criteria for classification as dangerous to the environment according to 67/548/EEC (see Article 14.4 of REACH Regulation). Furthermore, as high production volume substances, soluble silicates have been reviewed to a great extent for their exposure potential to the environment and the possible risks arising from their release (Van Dokkum et al. 2002, OECD SIDS 2004, HERA 2005, and CEES 2008). It was concluded that soluble silicates are currently of low priority for further work because of their low hazard profile
Workplace exposure to sodium silicate solutions
Manufacture of the substance/preparation as well as industrial and professional uses
Solution
Covers frequency up to: daily use, weekly, monthly, yearly
Except for PROCs 7 and 11: Avoid carrying out operation for more than 1 hour
Covers percentage substance in the product up to 25 %.
Use in Consumer products
General exposures to consumers arising from the use of household products sold
Control of consumer exposure
Other Operational Conditions affecting exposure
Unless otherwise stated, covers use amounts up to 37500g; covers skin contact area up to 6660cm2.
Unless otherwise stated, covers use frequency up to 4 times per day; covers exposure up to 8 hours per event.
Unless otherwise stated assumes use at ambient temperatures; assumes use in a 20m3room; assumes use withtypical ventilation.
Specific Risk Management Measures and Operating Conditions(only required controls to demonstrate safe use listed)
general case
laundry handwashing
(example)
pre-treatment of clothes
In consumer products the irritation hazard of soluble silicates is addressed, if necessary, by appropriate labelling and the advice to use (household) gloves on the consumer product. In general, dermal, inhalation and oral consumer exposure are minimised due to formulation (limited concentration of soluble silicates, particle size distribution, agglomeration and dust potential, tablets and gels), packaging and bad taste of commercially available products.
No specific RMMs identified beyond those OCs stated.
Covers use up to 365 days/year; covers use under typical household ventilation; covers default OCs of ECETOC TRA tool.
Unless otherwise stated, covers concentrations up to 25%; covers use up to 4 days/week; covers use up to 1 time/day of use; covers skin contact area up to 1980 cm2; covers useunder typical household ventilation; covers use in room sizeof 20m3; for each use event, covers exposure up to 0.17hr/event.
Unless otherwise stated, covers concentrations up to 60%; covers use up to 21 tasks/week; covers skin contact area up to 840cm2; covers use under typical household ventilation;covers use in room size of 20m3; for each use event, coversexposure up to 0.17 hr/event.
The ECETOC TRA tool has been used to estimate consumer exposures, consistent with the content of ECETOC Report no. 107 and the Chapter R15 of the IR&CSA TGD. Where exposure determinants differ to these sources, then they are indicated.
Guidance to check compliance with the Exposure Scenario
Predicted exposures are not expected to exceed the DN(M)EL when the Risk Management Measures/Operational Conditions outlined in Section 2 are implemented.
Where other Risk Management Measures/Operational Conditions are adopted, then users should ensure that risks are managed to at least equivalent levels.
Identified Uses for SILICIC ACID, SODIUM SALT (sodium silicate)
Production uses.
Production of soluble silicates – lumps, dried powder & granules, solutions
bulk chemical
Industrial uses.
Raw materials for manufacture of silica, silica gel, zeolites, silicates, clays, ceramics, glass catalysts
Manufacture and use of Detergents
Fabric washing detergents, dishwasher detergents, industrial cleansing agents, hard surface cleaning and disinfecting agents
NACE code
Adhesives and binders in manufacture of
paperboard and cardboard
mineral dust/particles briquetting & agglomeration
roofing tiles
bricks, ceramics and other construction materials
refractory cements and other refractory masses/mixes
foundry moulds and cores
wood construction materials
fibreboard
fibreglass and rockwool/mineral wool insulation materials
building boards and prefabricated parts based on inorganic/organic materials
plastic insulation materials
Adhesives and binders in manufacture and use of
plasters and mortars
Surface Coatings
TiO2production
Concrete
Paints for masonry and glass surfaces, architectural coatings
Fire-proof glass and surface coatings
Coatings for fire-proof construction materials
Spray-coating in tunnel construction and mining
Pulp and paper manufacture
Deinking and bleaching (recycled wastepaper)
Water treatment: Corrosion protection (Sewer pipes, water cooling systems, drinking water)
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Oil flow improvers
Textile and textile fibre processing
Bleach and dye stabiliser
Fire retardant
Ceramics & minerals
Component of porcelain slips and ceramic masses
Flotation agent in mineral processing
Deflocculant in cement & clay suspensions
Semi-conductor Material: Planarization
Lithographics: Processing of lithographic plates
Timber and Timber Products: Impregnation
Manufacture of Cosmetics: Hair treatment (bleaching and dyeing formulations)
Civil Engineering: Soil sealing and stabilisation in drilling, tunnelling and mining, sealing of landfills, building pits, buildings, coastline stabilisation
Leather tanning
Constituent of joint-filling sand preventing growth of weeds between paving
Use of Detergents
Constituent in pickling agents to remove paints
Consumer use of detergents
Adhesives and binders in plasters and mortars
Human factors not influenced by risk management
welding rod
Translation - Turkish SİLİSİK ASİT ve MAGNEZYUM TUZU(magnezyum silikat) için tanımlanmış kullanım şekilleri
Versiyon 1 - Kasım 2010
İşçiler tarafından endüstriyel ortamlarda kullanım
Tanımlanmış kullanım ismi
Pazar sektörü
Poliol arıtımı - otomotiv, inşaat ve diğer endüstri birimleri
Suni gübreler için topaklanmayı önleyici
Deterjanlar
Yapıcılar
Kızartma yağı arıtımı
Gıda katkıları/süplemanları
Farmasotik/tıbbi ürünler
Kimyasallar & Tarım İlaçları
Hijyen ve temizlik ürünleri
İnşaat endüstrisi additifleri
Suni gübreler için topaklanmayı önleyici
Anahtar Tanımlayıcı: ana kullanıcı grupları
Yardımcı Tanımlayıcı: Nihai kullanım sektörleri
İşyerinde sodyum silikat tozuna maruz kalma durumunda maruziyet senaryosu
İşyerinde sodyum silikat solüsyonlarına maruz kalma durumunda maruziyet senaryosu
Tüketici ürünlerinin kullanımı durumunda maruziyet senaryosu
İşçiler tarafından endüstriyel ortamlarda kullanım
Profesyonel çalışanlar tarafından tanımlanmış kullanımlar
Tüketiciler tarafından tanımlanmış kullanımlar
Kullanım açıklayıcılarının sözlükçesi
Başlık
Kullanım açıklayıcıları
İş yerinde sodyum silikat maruziyeti
gerekli değil
Maddenin endüstriyel ve profesyonel kullanım için imalatı
Çalıştırma şartları ve rüsk yönetimi ölçüleri
Çalışan Maruziyet Kontrolleri
İşçi maruziyetini etkileyen diğer çalıştırma şartları
Ürünün içinde bulunan maddeyi aksi belirtilmedikçe %100 e kadar kapsar.
Sınır yok
"İyi bir temel iş hijyeni standardının uygulandığını varsayar.
İş açık alanda olduğu kadar kapalı alanda da gerçekleşir"
Katılma Senaryoları
Mekanik yollarla geliştirilmiş genel havalandırma sağla
İş yerinde sodyum silikat solüsyonlarına maruziyet
Maddenin üretimi/hazırlaşını yanısıra endüstriyel ve profesyonel kullanımı
Solüsyon
Kapsadığı frekans: günlük, haftalık, aylık, yıllık kullanım
PROC 7 ve 11 dışında: İşlemi 1 saatten fazla yürütmekten kaçının.
Ürünün içinde bulunan maddeyi %25 e kadar kapsar
Tüketici ürünlerinde kullanım
Tüketicilerde, satılmış ev ürünlerinin kullanımından dolayı türeyen genel maruziyetler
Tüketici maruziyeti kontrolü
Maruziyeti etkileyen diğer çalıştırma şartları
Aksi belirtilmedikçe kullanım miktarını 37500kg' a kadar kapsar; Deri temas yüzeyini 6660cm2' e kadar kapsar.
Aksi belirtilmedikçe günlük 4 defaya kadar kullanım frekansını kapsar; olay başına 8 saate kadar maruz kalmayı kapsar.
Aksi belirtilmedikçe ortam sıcaklığında kullanım farzedilir; 20m3 odada kullanımı farzedilir; normal havalandırmayla kullanım farzedilir
Belirli Risk Yönetimi Ölçütleri ve Çalıştırma Şartları ( Sadece Güvenli kullanımda belirtilmiş gerekli kontrollerin ispatı )
genel durum
çamaşırhanede elde yıkama
(örnek)
Kıyafetlerin ön işlemleri
Belirtilmiş OC lerin dışında tanımlanmış RMM yok
365 gün/bir yıla kadar kullanımı kapsar; genel ev havalandırmasında kullanımı kapsar; ECETOC TRA gereçlerinin geçerli OC lerini kapsar.
Aksi belirtilmediği sürece, derişimleri %25 e kadar kapsar; haftada 4 gün kullanımı kapsar; günde 1 sefer kullanımı kapsar; deri temas yüzeyini 1980cm2 ye kadar kapsar; genel ev havalandırmasında kullanımı kapsar; 20m3 lük bir oda içinde kullanımı kapsar; her bir kullanım için, maruziyeti kullanım başına 0.17 hr şeklinde kapsar.
Aksi belirtilmediği sürece, derişimleri %60 a kadar kapsar; haftada 21 göreve kadar kullanımı kapsar; deri temas yüzeyini 840cm2 ye kadar kapsar; genel ev havalandırmasında kullanımı kapsar; 20m3 lük bir oda içinde kullanımı kapsar; her bir kullanım için, maruziyeti kullanım başına 0.17 hr şeklinde kapsar.
ECETOC TRA aracı tüketici maruziyetlerinin tespiti için 107 numaralı ECETROC Raporu' nun içeriğiyle ve IR&CSA TGD nin 15. Kısmı ile istikrarlı olarak kullanılmıştır. Maruziyet determinantlarının bu kaynakların aksine farklılık gösterdiği yerlerde, bunlar gösterilmiştir.
Maruziyet Senaryosuna uyumu kontrol etmek için rehberlik
Bölüm 2 de özetlenmiş Risk Yönetimi Ölçütleri/ Çalıştırma Şartları' nın yerine getirildiğinde, önceden tahmin edilmiş maruziyetlerin DN(M)EL i aşması beklenmiyor.
Diğer Risk Yönetim Ölçütleri/Çalıştırma Şartları kabul edildiğinde, kullanıcılar risklerin en azından eşdeğer seviyelere idare edildiğinden emin olmalıdırlar.
SİLİSİK ASİT ve MAGNEZYUM TUZU(magnezyum silikat) için tanımlanmış kullanım şekilleri
Ürün kullanımı.
Çözünür karakterli silikatların - topaklar, kuru toz & granüller, solüsyonların üretimi
toplu kimyasal
Endüstriyel kullanım.
silika, silika jeli, zeolitler, silikatlar, kil, seramik, cam katalizörü üretimi için hammaddeler
Deterjan imalatı ve kullanımı
Kumaş yıkama deterjanları, bulaşık makinesi deterjanları, endüstriyel temizleyici araçları, sert yüzey temizleme ve dezenfekte etme araçları
NACE kodu
… üretiminde yapıştırıcı ve bağlayıcılar
mukavva ve kalın karton
mineral tozu/parçacıkların briketlenme ve aglomerasyonu
çatı kaplama fayansları
tuğlalar, seramikler ve diğer inşaat materyalleri
refrakter çimentolar ve diğer refrakter kütle/karışımlar
dökümhane modülleri ve çekirdekleri
ahşap inşa materyalleri
fiber leva
fiberglas ve taşyünü/mineral yünü yalıtım materyalleri
inorganik/organik bazlı yapı levhaları ve prefabrike parçalar
plastik izolasyon malzemeleri
… üretiminde ve kullanımında yapıştırıcı ve bağlayıcılar
plasterler ve harçlar
Yüzey Kaplamaları
TiO2 Üretimi
Beton
mimari örtü kaplama emayeleri, taş ve cam yüzeyler için boyalar
Yanmaz cam ve yüzey kaplamaları
Yanmaz inşaat materyalleri için kaplamalar
Tünel inşaatı ve madencilikte püskürtmeli kaplama
selülöz ve kağıt üretimi
mürekkep giderme ve beyazlatma ( geri dönüştürülmüş atık kağıt )
Su arıtımı: Korozyon önleme ( kanalizasyon boruları, su soğutma sistemleri, içme suyu )
Geliştirilmiş Yağ Geri kazanımı
Yağ akışı artırıcılar
tekstil ve tekstil elyafı imali
beyazlatıcı ve boya stabilizörü
Yangın geciktirici
Seramikler & mineraller
porselen kombinezonlar ve seramik kütleler
Mineral işlemede flotasyon aracı
Çimento ve kil süspansiyonları için dağıtıcı madde
Yarı iletken Materyal: Planarizasyon
Litografik: litografik levhaların işlenmesi
Kereste ve Kereste Ürünleri: Emprenye etme
Kozmetik Gereç Üretimi: Saç bakımı ( renk açma ve boya formülleri )
İnşaat Mühendisliği: Toprak kapatma ve sondaj, tunel açma, madencilik, arazi doldurma, temel çukurları, inşaatlar ve kıyı şeridi stabilizasyonu
Deri tabaklama
Taş döşemelerin aralarında ot büyümesini engelleyici derz dolgusu kumu bileşeni
Deterjanların kullanımı
Boya çıkartmak için paklama araçlarının bileşenleri
Deterjanların tüketici tarafından kullanımı
Plaster ve harçlarda kullanılan yapıştırıcı ve bağlayıcılar
İnsan faktörü risk yönetimine müteessir değildir.
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