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English to Serbian: White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) General field: Other Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - English MAPA GNIJEZDA BIJELE RODE NA TERITORIJI OPŠTINA GRADIŠKA
Projekat sproveo Udruženje Most u partnerstvu sa Agencijom za
lokalni razvoj Gradiška uz podršku Fonda za zaštitu životne sredine Republike Srpske.
O vrsti
Bijela roda (Ciconia ciconia) je vrsta pernate divljači koja pripada grupi zaštićenih vrsta sa stalnom zabranom lova. Zaštita divljači na području opštine Gradiška vrši se u skladu sa Zakonom o lovstvu Republike Srpske. Za vrijeme lovostaja ili zabrane lova ova vrsta se ne smije loviti, proganjati, niti namjerno uznemiravati, osim u slučajevima ako je Zakonom drugačije određeno. Bijela roda je zaštićena međunarodnim sporazumima: Konvencijom o zaštiti evropskih divljih vrsta i prirodnih staništa (Bernska konvencija), Konvencijom o zaštiti migracionih vrsta divljih životinja (Bonnska konvencija) i Konvencijom o međunarodnoj trgovini ugroženim vrstama divljih životinja i biljaka (CITES). Na području Evropske unije roda je zaštićena EU Dirktivom o zaštiti ptica.
Zbog veoma pogodnih prirodnih uslova bijele rode se na području Opštine mogu vidjeti kako svijaju gnijezda na krovovima starih kuća ili štala, električnim stubovima, starim stablima ili kako slobodno šeću uz obalu rijeke Save i močvarnim staništima u potrazi za hranom. Skladan odnos čovjeka i prirodne sredine na ovim prostorima upravo i omogućava posmatranje ponašanja bijele rode iz blizine, njihovo međusobno komuniciraju klepetanjem kljunova, roditeljsku brigu dok krilima štite svoje mlade od prejakoga sunca ili borbu mladunaca za hranu kada je roditelji donesu u gnijezdo.Ova vrsta živi u većem dijelu Evrope, sjeverozapadnoj Africi i jugozapadnoj Aziji.
Bijela roda je ptica selica, koja uglavnom zimuje u tropskoj Africi i Indiji. Ornitolozi procjenjuju da je svjetska populacija roda negdje oko 170.000 parova. U okviru Panonske nizije rode žive u specifičnim područjima kotlina duž velikih rijeka, kao i na otvorenim poljima, močvarnom zemljištu, poljoprivrednim površinama, poplavnim livadama.Kljun rode je dug i crven, noge i vrat koji su također dugački čine je visokom i do 75cm. Perje joj je bijelo sa crnim završetcima na krilima, čiji raspon može biti i do 2m.Rode se pare krajem mjeseca marta ili početkom aprila. Krajem aprila ženka bijele rode obično izleže od 2 do 6 bijelih jaja, od kojih je svako teško oko 100 g i dugo do 75 cm. Isto obojeni partneri, u gnijezdu veličine do 2 m i dubine oko 3 m, naizmjenično leže na jajima i na taj način im obezbjeđuju zaštitu i toplotu. Inkubacija jaja obično traje od 32 do 34 dana. Mlade rode se obično izlegu u nekoliko dana razlike i u početku su obično prekriveni mekim paperjem koje se kasnije zamjeni trajnim perjem. Sa tri ili četiri godine života mlade rode su spremne da se pare i osnivaju svoju porodicu.
Ishrana roda je jako raznovrsna iako najradije jedu žabe, ribu, guštere, zmije ali i gliste, insekte, miševe i druge sitne sisare. Upravo iz toga razloga prirodnog čistača ljudi je smatraju korisnom divljači, pa je potrebno raditi na njenoj zaštiti. Krajem avgusta rode se okupljaju u velika jata, na stotine parova i lete ka toplijim krajevima gdje hrane ima u izobilju. Životni vijek bijele rode je preko 20 godina. Iako se ranije mislilo da rode u toku života imaju jednog partnera, nova istraživanja govore da je to samo u okviru jedne sezone. Nakon što se odsele, nekada se desi da roda promijeni svog partnera, iako to ne mora da se desi. Parovi uglavnom svake godine koriste ista gnijezda, ponekad čak i decenijama isto, iako ni to nije pravilo. Neka su gnijezda svojom konstrukcijom korištena i služila rodama i do 80 godina.
Važno je znati o biodiverzitetu
Sama riječ “biodiverzitet” je relativno nova, ozvaničena je u 1985. godini spajanjem dvije riječi, biološki diverzitet. Biodiverzitet predstavlja raznolikost živog svijeta na planeti, a u tu spadaju svi resursi prirode uključujući biljke, životinje, insekte, mikroorganizme kao i ekosisteme u kojima oni žive. Tu, takođe, spada i osnovna građa života – hromozomi, geni i DNK. Biodiverzitet je temelj zdravlja planete i ima direktan uticaj život svih nas. Radi opstanka naše planete i harmoničnog suživota čovjeka i prirode, svijet bi se trebao usmjeriti na dva glavna cilja: očuvanje i održivo korišćenje biodiverziteta. Očuvanje biodiverziteta je konzervacija i obnavljanje narušenih ekosistema i prirodnih staništa, kao i očuvanje i oporavak biljnih i životinjskih vrsta. Održivo korištenje je takvo korištenje komponenata biološke raznovrsnosti koje ne prouzrokuje narušavanje biodiverziteta, već predstavlja racionalno korištenje prirodnih dobara i održavanje onog stepena potencijala biodiverziteta koji odgovara potrebama i težnjama sadašnjih i budućih generacija.
-Gnijezda bijele rode mogu se vidjeti na različitim mjestima, na krovovima kuća i dimnjacima, ponekad na drveću kao što je bor ili kruška u blizini ljudskih naselja, na stogu sijena, na električnim stubovima.
-Gnijezdo bijele rode jedno je od težih u ptičijem svijetu, može da bude teško i do dvije tone!
-Izbor mjesta za gnježđenje često bijelu rodu košta života. Električni stubovi i druga nezgodna mjesta za gnijezdo bijele rode uticali su na smanjenje brojnosti ove vrste, pa čak i njenog potpunog nestanka na određenim područjima.
Projekat “Mapiranje gnijezda bijele rode u Gradišci i njihova zaštita” je sproveden u sklopu ciljeva Lokalnog ekološkog akcionog plana (LEAP) za Opštinu Gradiška koji jeu potpunosti u skladu sa smjernicama Evropske Unije za zaštitu životne sredine, a koja je izradila Agencija za lokalni razvoj Gradiška (ALORG). Aktivnosti su u skladu sa preporukama Lokalnog ekološkog akcionog plana, pod temom “Prirodne vrijednosti I biodiveziteti” te smo ciljeve projekta I planiranje održivosti usko povezali sa smjernicama I strategijama LEAP-a.
Na području Gradiške registrovano je I mapirano 18 gnijezda bijele rode. Uzimajući činjenicu da u gnijezdiu budu od 3 do 5 jedinki, taj broj predstavlja pokazatelj da se na teritoriji opštine Gradiška nalazi značajan broj ove vrste.
Translation - Serbian WHITE STORK NEST MAP ON THE TERRITORY OF GRADISKA MUNICIPALITY
The project was implemented by Most Association in partnership with the Local Development Agency Gradiška, and with the support of the Environment Preservation Fund of Republic of Srpska.
On White Storks
White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) is a large wading bird belonging to the group of protected species with permanent hunting ban. The protection of wildlife on the territory of Gradiška Municipality is done in accordance with the Hunting Law of Republic of Srpska. During the close hunting season, or hunting ban, this species is not to be hunted, pursued or deliberately disturbed, with the exception of specific cases determined by the law. White Stork is protected under the following international agreements: The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention), the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention), and Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). On European Union territory Storks are protected by the EU Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.
Due to very suitable weather conditions, White Storks can be seen building a stick nest on rooftops of old houses or barns, electric poles, old trees; or walking freely along the banks of the river Sava and wetlands in search of food. Harmonious relationship between man and his environment on these areas has enabled observation of White Stork’s behavior from up close, their mutual interaction as they clatter their upper and lower mandibles together, parent care while protecting their young from the sun with their wings, or a battle of young birds fighting for food brought to the nest by their parents. The species inhibits most of Europe, as well as North-West Africa and South-East Asia.
White Stork is a migratory bird, traveling south to tropical Africa and India for the winter. Ornithologists estimate that the world population of Storks is around 170 000 couples. In terms of the Pannonian Plain, Storks live in specific areas of valleys along big rivers, as well as on open fields, wetlands, open farmland areas, and flooded meadows. White Storks are long-necked birds with long bare red legs and a straight pointed red bill, and can reach up to 75cm in height. They are completely white except for the black wing flight feathers, with a wingspan up to 2 meters. White Stork’s breeding season is the end of March or beginning of April. By the end of April, the female will lay 2-6 white eggs, each weighing around 100g, with a length of 7.5cm. Same-colored partners will lie on their eggs in rotation, in nests of 2m in diameter and nearly 3m in depth, thus providing them with heat and protection. Incubation period usually lasts from 32 to 34 days. Young Storks will hatch in a few days difference. In the beginning, young chicks are covered with white down that is later replaced with permanent feathers. Young Storks are ready to mate, and start their new family, at the age of 3 or 4.
Stork’s diet is very diverse, although they rather eat frogs, fish, lizards, snakes, even earthworms, insects, mice and other small mammals. For that reason, people think of it as a useful wild animal, and it demands further work on its protection. By the end of August, Storks gather in big flocks, with hundreds of pairs, flying towards warmer areas with plenty of food. Their life expectancy is about 20 years. Even though it was widely believed that Storks are monogamous their entire life, new researches have shown that it only pairs for the duration of one breeding season. After they migrate, Storks can find a new partner, although it’s not a general rule. Couples mostly use the same nest for years, sometimes even decades, but there can be some exceptions. Some nests have been in continuous even use for up to 80 years.
Important facts on Biodiversity
The word itself – biodiversity – is relatively new, officially recognized in 1985, by melting the two words, biological and diversity, together. Biodiversity stands for the variety of life on the planet, including all natural resources together with plants, animals, insects, microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems that they live in. In addition to that, Biodiversity includes basic life elements such as chromosomes, gens and DNA. It is the foundation of a healthy planet, and has a direct influence to all of us. In order to ensure our planet’s survival and a harmonious coexistence of man and nature, the world should focus on two main goals: preservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity. Preservation of biodiversity includes conservation and restoration of degraded ecosystems and natural habitats, as well as conservation and recovery of flora and fauna. Sustainable utilization represents such usage of components of biological diversity that will not lead to degradation of biodiversity, but rather enable rational usage of natural resources and sustain the level of potential of biodiversity that will fit the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.
-White Stork’s nests can be seen on different places – on the rooftops and chimneys of old houses, sometimes even on haystacks, electric poles, or trees, such as pines or pear trees, that are in the vicinity of human settlements
-White Stork’s nest is one of the heaviest in the bird world, and can weigh up to two tons.
-The choice of a nesting place can often cost White Stork its life. Electric poles and other unsuitable nesting places have influenced the White Stork population number, and even led to complete disappearance on certain areas
“Mapping and protection of White Stork's nests in Gradiška” project was implemented within the goals of Local Ecological Action Plan (LEAP) of Gradiška Municipality, which is fully in accordance with the guidelines of the European Union for the protection of environment. LEAP was made by Local Development Agency Gradiška – ALORG. All of the activities are in accordance with the recommendations of LEAP, under the section of “Natural Resources and Biodiversity”, thus keeping the project goals and sustainability plans tightly linked with its guidelines and strategies.
18 White Stork nests were registered and mapped on the territory of Gradiska Municipality. Taking into consideration the fact that one nest is occupied with 3-5 birds, the number shows significant population of the species on the territory of Municipality of Gradiska.
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Bachelor's degree - University of Banja Luka
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Years of experience: 17. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 2010.
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