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Spanish to English: Spanish Immigration Law General field: Law/Patents
Source text - Spanish Artículo 25. Requisitos para la entrada en territorio español.
1. El extranjero que pretenda entrar en España deberá hacerlo por los puestos habilitados al efecto, hallarse provisto del pasaporte o documento de viaje que acredite su identidad, que se considere válido para tal fin en virtud de convenios internacionales suscritos por España y no estar sujeto a prohibiciones expresas. Asimismo, deberá presentar los documentos que se determinen reglamentariamente que justifiquen el objeto y condiciones de estancia, y acreditar medios de vida suficientes para el tiempo que pretenda permanecer en España, o estar en condiciones de obtener legalmente dichos medios.
Artículo 26. Prohibición de entrada en España:
1. No podrán entrar en España, ni obtener un visado a tal fin, los extranjeros que hayan sido expulsados, mientras dure la prohibición de entrada, así como aquellos que la tengan prohibida por otra causa legalmente establecida o en virtud de convenios internacionales en los que sea parte España.
2. A los extranjeros que no cumplan los requisitos establecidos para la entrada, les será denegada mediante resolución motivada, con información acerca de los recursos que puedan interponer contra ella, plazo para hacerlo y autoridad ante quien deben formalizarlo, y de su derecho a la asistencia letrada, que podrá ser de oficio, y de intérprete, que comenzará en el momento mismo de efectuarse el control en el puesto fronterizo.
Artículo 27. Expedición del visado.
1. El visado se solicitará y expedirá en las Misiones Diplomáticas y Oficinas Consulares de España, y habilitará al extranjero para presentarse en un puesto fronterizo español y solicitar su entrada. Excepcionalmente, los visados de estancia podrán ser solicitados y expedidos en el puesto habilitado para la entrada.
2. Reglamentariamente se establecerá la normativa específica del procedimiento de concesión y expedición de visados, conforme a lo previsto en la disposición adicional undécima de la Ley 30/1992, de 26 de noviembre. En dicho procedimiento podrá requerirse la comparecencia personal del solicitante.
3. El ejercicio de la potestad de otorgamiento o denegación de visados se sujetará a los compromisos internacionales vigentes en la materia y se orientará al cumplimiento de los fines de la política exterior del Reino de España y de otras políticas públicas españolas o de la Unión Europea, como la política de inmigración, la política económica y la de seguridad ciudadana.
Translation - English Section 25. Requirements for leave to enter Spanish territory
1. Non-Spanish nationals who are seeking leave to enter Spain and who are not subject to a specific ban from doing so must go to the designated border checkpoints with either a passport or travel documents considered valid for the purpose of proving their identity by virtue of international agreements signed by Spain. Likewise, they must show the documents specified in the regulations which justify the purpose and conditions of their stay and prove that either they have sufficient means to support themselves financially for the duration of their intended stay in Spain or that they are in a position which enables them to obtain these means legally.
Section 26. Refusal of leave to enter Spain
1. Non-Spanish nationals who have been expelled or those who have been banned for other legally established reasons or pursuant to international agreements to which Spain is party cannot enter Spain nor obtain a visa for such a purpose for the duration of the entry ban.
2. Non-Spanish nationals who fail to fulfil the established entry requirements will be refused entry by means of a written explanation of the relevant legal grounds, which will also provide information about lodging appeals against the ruling, the time limit in which to make such an appeal and the authority with which the appeal should be lodged. Information will also be provided regarding their right to legal aid, which may be provided by the state, and to an interpreter. Both of these rights will come into force at the time of the border checkpoint controls.
Section 27. Issuing of visas
1. Visas are requested and issued at the Spanish Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices and enable non-Spanish nationals to request leave of entry at a Spanish border entry checkpoint. In exceptional circumstances, short-stay visas may be requested and issued at the designated border checkpoints.
2. According to regulations, specific rules will apply for the procedure of granting and issuing visas under the eleventh additional provision of Law 30/1992, of 26 November. This procedure may require the applicant to appear in person.
3. The authorities exercising the power to issue or refuse visas will abide by the relevant international agreements currently in force and will be guided by their adherence to the objectives of the Kingdom of Spain’s foreign policy and of other Spanish or European Union public policies, such as immigration policy, economic policy and public safety policy.
Spanish to English: Sub-Chronic Toxicity and Ocular Irritability Test of the Aqueous Extract of Plantago major (Plantaginaceae) Leaves General field: Science
Source text - Spanish Toxicidad sub-crónica y prueba de irritabilidad ocular del extracto acuoso de las hojas de Plantago major (Plantaginaceae)
Una de las plantas utilizadas en la medicina popular en Costa Rica es Plantago major, conocida como "llantén". Esta planta pertenece a la familia Plantaginaceae y se caracteriza por tener una baja altura, de 10 a 60 cm, con rizoma corto, grueso y fibroso. Las hojas son glabras, de color verde, basales, con siete nervaduras y dispuestas en roseta. Del medio de ésta, surgen varios escapos floreales simples y erectos, cada uno de los cuales lleva una espiga verde-amarillenta y se conocen cerca de 260 especies en el género (Alonso 1998).
Plantago major es oriunda de Europa, Asia y norte de África, ampliamente distribuida en todo el mundo (Anónimo 1998), es una de las pocas especies del género que ocurre en las tierras bajas del trópico húmedo (Gupta et al. 1995). En Costa Rica crece principalmente en la Meseta Central, como Alajuela, San José y Cartago, aunque se ha observado cultivada en la región Atlántica (Ocampo y Maffioli 1987).
Fue una planta muy utilizada desde la antigüedad, junto al llantén menor. La denominación de psyllum a las semillas, proviene de la palabra griega psylla que significa pulga, en alusión a la forma y tamaño de las mismas, en la antigüedad se utilizó sobre todo en casos de tos, diarreas y heridas (Alonso 1998).
Los principales componentes químicos y principios activos presentes en las hojas son los mucílagos (arabinogalactana, ramno-galacturonana y glucomanana); flavonoides (apigenol y luteolósido); cumarinas (esculetinalos); pectina, taninos, ácidos fenolcarboxílicos (clorogénico, neoclorogéncio, gentísico, protocatéquico), sales minerales (Si, Zn, K); (Anónimo 1998) alcaloides (indicaína, plantagonina); manitol, sorbitol, emulsina, invertina y saponinas (Alonso 1998).
La decocción de la hoja ha demostrado poseer efecto diurético suave en animales de laboratorio (Cáceres et al. 1987). A la hoja y la raíz se le atribuye actividad antiespasmódica sobre el íleon aislado de cobayo y propiedad analgésica en el modelo de dolor inducido por inyección de carragenina (Quiroz y Reis 1989) y los extractos acuoso y metanólico de las hojas mostraron actividad antiulcerogénica en el modelo de úlcera inducida por estrés de inmersión en ratas (Yesilada et al. 1993).
En entrevistas etnobotánicas realizadas en el Valle Central de Costa Rica, se menciona el uso de las hojas en cocimiento o restregadas en agua fría para aliviar afecciones hepática, diarrea y vómito. En gargarismo para dolor de garganta. El jugo de las hojas dentro del ojo se utiliza como colirio, en las cataratas y las nubes de los ojos, como también en conjuntivitis (Ocampo y Maffioli 1987). El zumo de la hoja o su infusión tiene un uso significativo en países del Caribe para la conjuntivitis (Robineau 1995).
En el presente estudio se informan y discuten los resultados obtenidos a partir de la administración vía oral, del extracto acuoso de las hojas de P. major en ratones albinos y su efecto al ser instilado en el ojo de conejos.
La ausencia de irritabilidad ocular, con la administración del preparado acuoso sobre el ojo de conejos albinos, sugiere que este preparado es relativamente seguro para su aplicación como colirio.
Translation - English Sub-Chronic Toxicity and Ocular Irritability Test of the Aqueous Extract of Plantago major (Plantaginaceae) Leaves
One of the plants used in traditional medicine in Costa Rica is Plantago major, known as “plantain”. The plant belongs to the Plantaginaceae family and is characterised by its low height (between 10 and 60cm) and short, thick, fibrous rhizome. The leaves, which are glabrous, green and basal, have seven veins and are arranged in a rosette. Several single and erect flower stalks emerge from the middle of the rosette, and each one has a greeny-yellow spike. There are around 260 known species in the genus (Alonso 1998).
Widely distributed throughout the world (Anonymous 1998), Plantago major is native to Europe, Asia and North Africa and is one of the few species of the genus that occurs in the lowland humid tropics (Gupta et al. 1995). In Costa Rica it grows mainly in the Central Plateau area, for example in Alajuela, San José, and Cartago, although it has also been seen to grow in the Atlantic region (Ocampo and Maffioli 1987).
The plant has been extensively used since ancient times, along with ribwort plantain. The word psyllum designates the seeds and comes from the Greek word psylla which means ‘flea’ and alludes to the shape and size of the seeds. In ancient times it was primarily used to treat coughs, diarrhoea, and wounds (Alonso 1998).
The main chemical components and active elements present in the leaves are: mucilages (arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan, and glucomannan); flavonoids (apigenin and luteolin); coumarins (esculetins); pectin, tannins, phenolcarboxylic acids (chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, gentisic, protocatechuic), mineral salts (Si, Zn, K); (Anonymous 1998) alkaloids (indicain, plantagonin); mannitol, sorbitol, emulsin, invertin and saponins (Alonso 1998).
The decoction of the leaf has proven to have a gentle diuretic effect in laboratory animals (Cáceres et al. 1987). The leaf and root are believed to have an antispasmodic effect on isolated ileum of guinea-pig and analgesic properties in a model of pain induced by injection of carrageenan (Quiroz and Reis 1989). The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaves showed antiulcerogenic activity in a model of immersion stress-induced ulcers in rats (Yesilada et al. 1993).
In ethnobotanical interviews carried out in the Central Valley area of Costa Rica, there is mention of the leaves being cooked or rubbed in cold water to relieve liver complaints, diarrhoea and vomiting. They are also used in gargling solutions for sore throats. The juice from the leaves is used in the eye as eye drops to treat cataracts, cloudy eyes, and also conjunctivitis (Ocampo and Maffioli 1987). The juice or infusions prepared using the leaf are widely used in Caribbean countries for conjunctivitis (Robineau 1995).
This study reports and discusses the results of oral administration of the aqueous extract of P. major leaves on albino mice and its effect when instilled in rabbit eyes.
The absence of ocular irritability when the aqueous preparation was administered into the eyes of albino rabbits suggests that this preparation is relatively safe for use as eye drops.
French to English: The Adventures of a Missing Matisse General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Journalism
Source text - French La longue odyssée d'un Matisse disparu
Appelée tantôt Mur rose (de l'hôpital d'Ajaccio), tantôt Paysage, le mur rose, la toile est un Matisse de 1898, oeuvre de jeunesse post-impressionniste. Le 27 novembre, Christine Albanel, ministre de la culture, devait la restituer aux héritiers d'Harry Fuld Junior, c'est-à-dire à la branche londonienne de la Magen David Adom, l'équivalent israélien de la Croix-Rouge. La toile figurait cet été dans l'exposition "A qui appartenaient ces tableaux ?" organisée au Musée d'Israël à Jérusalem puis au Musée d'art et d'histoire du judaïsme à Paris. Cette petite peinture par la taille (38 × 46 cm) n'a rien de majeur. Mais les conditions dans lesquelles elle a traversé le siècle sont remarquables.
Elle apparaît pour la première fois en public dans une exposition à la Galerie Druet en 1906 ; puis le 2 mars 1914 à l'hôtel Drouot, à Paris, lors de la vente de La Peau de l'ours. Ce drôle de nom est celui d'une association, fondée dix ans plus tôt par un groupe de jeunes gens décidés à unir leurs moyens pour acquérir des tableaux modernes. André Level, futur grand collectionneur, se charge du choix et de l'achat des toiles : Picasso, Derain, Matisse, Van Dongen, ou Dufy.
Les statuts de l'association prévoient une vente au bout de dix ans, en 1914 donc. Celle-ci fait scandale, parce que Matisse et Picasso y obtiennent les prix les plus élevés et parce que la presse française nationaliste s'indigne, cinq mois avant la déclaration de guerre, de la présence et de l'ardeur de marchands allemands.
L'un des plus célèbres est Justin Thannhauser. Il acquiert le petit Matisse et le rapporte à Munich. Au passage de la frontière, les douaniers français apposent leur tampon au revers de la toile - détail plus tard décisif. Il le cède ensuite à un collectionneur de Francfort, Harry Fuld Senior, dont la fortune provient de sa compagnie de téléphones, la plus ancienne d'Allemagne, fondée par lui à 20 ans, en 1899. Le Matisse est cité comme lui appartenant dans le magazine artistique Kunstblatt en 1918, puis à nouveau en 1931.
L'année suivante, Harry Fuld Senior meurt accidentellement en Suisse et son fils Harry Fuld Junior hérite de sa collection. En 1937, les persécutions antisémites le forcent à s'exiler à Londres. Il laisse ses tableaux en Allemagne. Saisie en 1941 comme bien juif, sa collection fait l'objet d'une vente publique en janvier 1942, organisée par Hans Lange. Celui-ci, marchand de tableaux à Berlin, est le repreneur "aryen" de la maison de ventes de Paul Graupe, et le principal liquidateur des collections juives spoliées en Allemagne. Les oeuvres modernes sont exclues de la vente. Le Matisse disparaît.
Il réapparaît en 1948 près de Tübingen, découvert par la gendarmerie nationale en zone d'occupation française, dans une cache constituée par l'officier SS Kurt Gerstein. En raison du tampon de la douane appliqué en 1914, on croit alors que l'oeuvre est de provenance française. Elle devient un MNR (Musées nationaux récupération), nom que l'administration donne aux oeuvres retrouvées en Allemagne et qui proviennent pour la plupart du pillage des collections juives françaises par différents services nazis. Elle est déposée au Musée national d'art moderne.
Translation - English The Adventures of a Missing Matisse
The Pink Wall (of Ajaccio Hospital), as it is sometimes called, or Landscape, the Pink Wall is an early postimpressionist painting by Matisse from 1898. On November 27, it was returned by French culture minister, Christine Albanel, to the heirs of Harry Fuld Jr, that is, the London branch of the Magen David Adom (the Israeli equivalent of the Red Cross). This summer it appeared in the exhibition Looking for Owners held at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem and then at the Museum of Jewish Art and History in Paris. While this painting of small dimensions (38 x 46 cm) is not outstanding, it emerged at the end of the century having lived through some quite remarkable adventures.
In 1906, it appeared for the first time in public in an exhibition at the Druet Gallery and then again on March 2 1914 at the Hôtel Drouot, a Parisian auction house, when the oddly-named association La Peau de l’ours (Bearskin) was selling its collection, having been founded 10 years earlier by a group of young people who had decided to pool their resources in order to purchase modern paintings. André Level, who later became a great art collector, was in charge of choosing and buying the canvases and acquired works by Picasso, Derain, Matisse, Van Dongen and Dufy.
The association’s statutes stipulated that the works should be put up for sale after 10 years, that is, in 1914. The auction caused a scandal partly because Matisse and Picasso fetched the highest prices and partly because the nationalist French press was outraged, five months before the declaration of war, by the presence and zeal of German dealers.
One of the most famous of them was Justin Thannhauser who acquired the small Matisse painting and took it back to Munich. When he crossed the border, French customs officers stamped the back of the canvas, a detail that later proved decisive. He then sold it to a Frankfurt collector, Harry Fuld Sr, who had made his fortune from his telephone company, the oldest in Germany, which he had founded in 1899 at the age of 20. The Matisse painting was referred to as belonging to him in the art magazine Kunstblatt in 1918, then again in 1931.
The following year, Harry Fuld Sr died in an accident in Switzerland and his son Harry Fuld Jr inherited his collection. In 1937, the persecution of Jews forced him to go into exile in London, leaving his paintings in Germany. His collection was seized in 1941 as Jewish property and put up for sale in January 1942 at an auction organised by Hans Lange, a Berlin art dealer, the ‘Aryan’ buyer of Paul Graupe’s auction house and the main liquidator of Jewish collections pillaged in Germany. The modern paintings were excluded from the auction and the Matisse painting vanished.
It reappeared in 1948 near Tübingen having been discovered by the French military police in an area of French occupation in a cache of artwork accumulated by the SS officer Kurt Gerstein. Still bearing the customs stamp from 1914, the painting was at the time believed to be of French origin and it was classified as an MNR (Musées Nationaux Récupération, meaning ‘recovered for the national museums’), a name given by the French government to paintings found in Germany which came, for the most part, from the plundering of French Jewish collections by various Nazi services. It was placed in the National Museum of Modern Art in Paris.
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Master's degree - Durham University
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Years of experience: 16. Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2010.
I am a qualified translator, working from French and Spanish into English. I also have an advanced knowledge of Catalan. I have an MA with Distinction in Translation Studies from Durham University (UK), which is a member of the European Master’s in Translation Network of Excellence (EMT) and I am currently working towards achieving IoL accreditation. I have gained experience in a variety of language-related professions, both in the UK and abroad, which has provided me with specialist knowledge in the following fields: Marketing, Tourism and Travel, Journalism, and Education. I also have experience of translating texts relating to the fields of Cinema, Science, Social Science and Business. I am also particularly interested in literary translation and I chose to base my Master’s projects on the translation of French and Spanish literary texts into English. This wide-ranging experience demonstrates my ability to translate technical texts demanding accuracy, precision and clarity, as well as other more creative genres whose aim extends beyond that of merely informing. If you require fast, high-quality translations at a competitive price, please do not hesitate to get in touch.
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