English to Persian (Farsi) Other Other urban planning

In the U.S., centers associated with the settlement house neighborhood took the form of a building or group of buildings. Jane Addams’s settlement in Chicago was known as the Chicago Commons Buildings, serving, for example, as neighborhood meeting place, health clinic, school, and communal kitchen. In a manner Jane Jacobs would have approved, it was also a place where the neighborhood connected with the ward alderman and other city politicians in an effort to strengthen its political impact. Above all, the Chicago Commons was “a center for a higher civic and social life” in a diverse industrial district. The Commons was meant to bridge diversity and provide a way “to understand, to interpret and to co- operate” among “strangers in a strange land.” Later in the 1960s planners believed that neighborhood centers would be strongest in areas with “concentrations of minority groups,” for example, “a Buddhist Church in an oriental neighborhood, a bocce ball court in an Italian area.” The “elementary school– common green– community center complex” was an attempt to replicate the magnetism of ethnically specific center functions, with only mixed success