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- Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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- Uji i fortë është uji i ndotur me komponimet e kalciumit dhe magnezit. Own research - by Juliana Cullafiq
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- Fortesia e ujit
Fortesia e ujit percaktohet nga sasia e kalciumit dhe magnezit qe permban uji. Fortesia totale perbehet nga fortesi karbonati dhe e perher shme (kalkarje - gelqeror). Kur uji me fortesi karbonati ngrohet, perberesi i tij i larte i kalkarjes depozitohet. Kjo sjell nje konsumim te larte energjie deri edhe daljen nga funksioni te disa prej paisjeve shtepiake. Uje i forte do te thote qe nevojitet me shume detergjent per larje dhe proceset behen me te veshtira.
Shkembimi i joneve ne filtrin BRITA ul fortesine e ujit, e cila shkakton kalkarjet.
- albrita.com
 by Juliana Cullafiq - Related KudoZ question
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- Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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- Hard water is water contaminated with compounds of calcium and magnesium. Dissolved iron, manganese, and strontium compounds can also contribute to the "total hardness" of the water, which is usually expressed as ppm CaCO3. Water with a hardness over 80 ppm CaCO3 is often treated with water softeners, since hard water produces scale in hot water pipes and boilers and lowers the effectiveness of detergents. antoine.frostburg.edu
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- Some laundry detergents do not produce as many suds in hard water, these are likely to be soap-based products and do not work as well in hard-water as detergent based products. - water-treatment.org.uk
- Hard water also contributes to inefficient and costly operation of water-using appliances. Heated hard water forms a scale of calcium and magnesium minerals that can contribute to the inefficient operation or failure of water-using appliances. - Wilkes University
- Clothes washed in hard water often look dingy and feel harsh and scratchy. - sciLinks
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- Apa dură: Conţine ioni de magneziu si calciu. Dacă acesta are mult carbonat de calciu nu face spumă cu săpunul. Apa dură poate deveni apă de băut prin eliminarea ionilor de magneziu si calciu şi înlocuirea lor cu sodiu. Duritatea apei poate fi temporară sau permanentă.
- Enciclopedie-RO by Mihaela Petrican
- Apa dură poate duce la îngreunarea multor activităţi casnice, inclusiv spălarea rufelor, detergenţii pentru rufe fără fosfaţi s-ar putea să nu înălbească aşa cum ne-am dori, sau murdăria poate să fie, în mod particular, foarte pregnantă. - Web article by Mihaela Petrican
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- Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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- 硬水是含有較多可溶性鈣、鎂等化合物的水。所有自然的淡水中都多多少少含有鈣、鎂等礦物質的, 比方說如果水流過石灰, 硬度就會增加；而如果流過泥煤, 硬度就會下降。
维基百科 - by Han Li
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- 所谓"硬水"是指水中所溶的矿物质成分多，尤其是钙和镁。硬水并不对健康造成直接危害，但是会给生活带来好多麻烦，比如用水器具上结水垢、肥皂和清洁剂的洗涤效率减低等。
- 东利网 by Han Li
- 钙镁离子含量较多的水称为硬水，钙镁离子含量较少的水称为软水。硬水与软水只是通俗上的叫法，并没有标准的量的概念，在生活中，行内一般把硬度低于3mmol/L的水称为较软的水，3-6称为普通水，6-8称为较硬的水，10以上称为高硬水。
- Supesite by Han Li
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- En química, el agua dura (por contraposición al agua blanda) es aquella que posee una dureza superior a 120 mg CaCO3/l. Es decir que contiene un alto nivel de minerales, en particular sales de magnesio y calcio. Son éstas las causantes de la dureza del agua, y el grado de dureza es directamente proporcional a la concentración de sales metálicas. Wikipedia - by Laura Mangini
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- El agua dura puede volver a ser blanda, con el agregado de carbonato de sodio o potasio, para precipitarlo como sales de carbonatos, o por medio de intercambio iónico con salmuera en presencia de zeolita o resinas sintéticas - Wikipedia by Laura Mangini
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- Água rica em minerais de cálcio e magnésio, principalmente carbonatos. Own research - by Marcelo Lino
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- Dureza da água é a propriedade relacionada com a concentração de íons de determinados minerais dissolvidos nesta substância. A dureza da água é predominantemente causada pela presença de sais de Cálcio e Magnésio, de modo que os principais íons levados em consideração na medição são os de Cálcio (Ca+) e (Mg+)
- Wikipedia by Marcelo Lino
- O tratamento da água dura para a retirada de Ca2+ e Mg2+ é conhecido por abrandamento ou amolecimento e consiste em fazer a água atravessar uma resina que captura os íons Ca2+ e Mg2+, substituindo-os por íons não prejudiciais ao homem, tais como o Na+ e o H+. - UENF by Marcelo Lino
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