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- Кальдера (Исп. caldera - "большой котел") - крупная вулканическая форма рельефа, образующаяся при взрыве, провале, или оседании большой территории вокруг эруптивного центра во время или сразу после вулканического извержения. Обычно имеет круглую форму и имеет крутые стенки. От кратера вулкана отличается гораздо большими размерами. GeoWiki - by Larissa Brandt
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Compare [close] - Serbian
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- Калдера је велики морфолошки облик вулкана, сличан кратеру али много већих димензија, обично пречника неколико километара. Овај облик настаје урушавањем вулканске купе након вулканске ерупције. Реч калдера долази од шпанске речи caldera што значи „котао“. Wikipedia - by Mira Stepanovic
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- Ogromne količine lave, koje su za relativno kratko vreme emitovane u vidu rastresitih piroklastita, učinile su magmatske rezervoare u plitkim delovima Zemljine kore delimično ispražnjenim, a to je često dovodilo do sleganja tla i obrazovanja cirkularnih depresija koje nazivamo kalderama. U Srbiji su veoma dobro očuvane gajtanska kaldera u leckom vulkanogenom kompleksu, kao i više manjih kaldera u rudničko-boračko-kotleničkoj provinciji. - Znanje.org by Mira Stepanovic
- Novonastali uslovi, toplo i plitko more, bili su idealni za stvaranje kolonija sprudova na prostranim površinama vulkanskih kaldera ili zarubljenih vulkanskih aparata. - SciTech by Mira Stepanovic
- Erupcije vulkana iz davnih vremena mogu se videti danas u obilku kaldera. To su veliki okrugli ožiljci, često prečnika nekoliko kilometara, ostali nakon erupcija vulkana u proslosti. - MyCity by Mira Stepanovic
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- Een caldera of caldeira is een grote komvormige krater, gevormd door vulkanische activiteit. Caldera's ontstaan wanneer grote hoeveelheden pyroclastisch materiaal door een vulkaan worden uitgestoten waardoor het dak van de magmakamer niet meer ondersteund wordt. Hierdoor zakt het dak en valt het in de magmakamer. Deze hele gang van zaken kan best een tijdje duren en vindt vaak plaats in een zogenaamde uitgedoofde vulkaan. Wikipedia - by vic voskuil
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- Een caldera is een soort krater die gevormd wordt door het instorten van een vulkaan na een grote uitbarsting, wanneer de magmakamer het gewicht van de vulkaan niet meer kan houden. Als de activiteit vervolgens afneemt zal de magma stollen en vormt als het ware een kurk op magmakamer. De druk in de magmakamer neemt met de tijd weer toe en uiteindelijk zal de vulkaan weer tot uitbarsting komen. - Fok by vic voskuil
- de Kilauea met in het midden de de Pu’u ’O’o sintelkegel waaruit lava naar de Pacifische Oceaan stroomt via een tunnel systeem. De lava is afkomstig van een reservoir 20 km verderop, die zich onder de caldera, de komvormige krater van 165 m diep, bevindt. - Kennislink by vic voskuil
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Note added at 3 days2 hrs (2009-08-04 20:29:23 GMT)
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Haroun Tazieff, le plus célèbre volcanologue français, sait quand même de quoi il parle :
"L.A.V.E.: le site; Bibliographie et Filmographie d'Haroun Tazieff
Liste bibliographique d'Haroun Tazieff. ... 1968 - MARINELLI G. et TAZIEFF H. - L'ignimbrite et la caldera du Batur (Bali, Indonésie). Bull. Volc. vol. ..."
http://www.lave-volcans.com/gdesfig_tazieff_bibli.php
"Le volcan s'effondre et se transforme en caldera" wikipedia - by FX Fraipont (X)
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- Grande dépression volcanique plus ou moins circulaire ; le diamètre d'une caldera peut atteindre 25 kilomètres sur Terre (la plus grande caldera connue dans ...
- Universalis by FX Fraipont (X)
- 19 mai 2009 ... Une caldera est classiquement liée à une éruption volcanique : la chambre magmatique située à quelques kilomètres de profondeur peut, ...
- wiktionary by FX Fraipont (X)
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- A vast depression at the top of a volcanic cone, formed when an eruption substantially empties the reservoir of magma beneath the cone's summit. Eventually the summit collapses inward, creating a caldera. A caldera may be more than 15 kilometers in diameter and more than 1000 meters deep. CENGAGE Learning
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- Subsequent eruptions from the Long Valley magma chamber were confined within the caldera with extrusions of relatively hot (crystal-free) rhyolite 700,000 to 600,000 years ago as the caldera floor was upwarped to form the resurgent dome followed by extrusions of cooler, crystal-rich moat rhyolite at 200,000-year intervals (500,000, 300,000, and 100,000 years ago) in clockwise succession around the resurgent dome. - USGS
- Calderas tend to form after a series of large eruptions. Usually a new volcano starts to grow inside, eventually covering it. - About.com: Geology
- Over the course of several hundred years following the creation of the caldera, rain and snow filled the basin to a depth of 1,943 feet (592 meters). Crater Lake today is the nation’s deepest lake. - Crater lake
Compare [close] - Japanese
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- カルデラとは,ポルトガル語で「大鍋」の意味を持ち,火山に見られる巨大な凹みである.巨大とは概ね直径2km以上のものを指す.隕石が衝突してできたクレーターとは明瞭に区別される.地下からマグマが一斉に噴出することで,地表が陥没するものを「陥没カルデラ」と呼ぶ.巨大噴火でできるカルデラは,陥没カルデラであることが多い.言い換えれば,カルデラの存在は,火山が過去に巨大噴火を起こしたことの証明である. 日本地質学会 - by nordlys75
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