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Translation, Editing/proofreading, Subtitling
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Sample translations submitted: 1
English: Academic Translation
Source text - English SUSTAINABLE HYDROCARBON-LIKE BIOFUEL FROM DEOXYGENATION REACTION CATALYSED BY TRANSITION METALS SUPPORTED ON HEXAGONAL MESOPOROUS SILICA (HMS)
ABSTRACT
The global rise in temperature caused by the combustion of fossil fuels has led researchers to explore renewable energy as a substitute fuel to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Among these renewable energy sources, biofuel is the most promising renewable energy for transportation sector. Recently, deoxygenation (DO) has been introduced as an efficient method to produce a sustainable hydrocarbon-like biofuel without external hydrogen and solvent. It is becoming increasingly important to investigate the catalytic performance of triolein as model compound of non-edible oil via deoxygenation (DO) over mesoporous catalysts supported by transition metals. Therefore, the use of mesoporous material such as hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) with the pore size of ca. 4.32 nm plays a crucial role as a catalyst support for Ni, Fe and Fe-Ni metals. The physical and chemical properties of the developed HMS-supported metal catalysts were investigated using a variety of characterization methods. These included XRD, FESEM, EDX, HR-TEM, BET, FT-IR, RAMAN, TPR-H2, TPD-NH3, TGA and XPS spectroscopy. In addition to the larger surface area and easier diffusion offered by the mesoporous HMS, the supported HMS was found to effectively minimize coke formation. Among these transition metals, bimetallic Fe-Ni catalyst supported on HMS shows the highest conversion of 96.1% with 91.8% selectivity hydrocarbon-like biofuel in the range of
C8-C20. The enhanced catalytic activity is related to the good dispersion of NiO-NiFe2O4 active phase on HMS support. It is found that the formation of NiFe2O4 with strong and weak acid facilitates the cleavage of C-O and C-C bonds by decarboxylation (DCO2), decarbonylation (DCO) and cracking reactions. The suitable reaction temperature (380 oC), reaction time (2 hours) and catalyst loading (5 wt%) were determined. This study has shown that bimetallic Fe-Ni on HMS is highly potential DO catalyst for the production of sustainable biofuels from non-edible oils.
Translation - English PENGHASILAN BAHAN BAKAR HIDROKARBON LESTARI MELALUI PROSES PENYAHOKSIGENAN (DO) YANG DIMANGKINKAN OLEH LOGAM-LOGAM PERALIHAN DI ATAS PENYOKONG LIANG MESO SILIKA (HMS)
ABSTRAK
Peningkatan suhu dunia akibat pembakaran bahan bakar fosil telah mendorong ramai penyelidik untuk meneroka tenaga boleh diperbaharui sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dengan mengurangkan pergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil yang tidak boleh diperbaharui. Di antara sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui ini, biofuel telah menjadi sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui yang paling berpotensi dalam sektor pengangkutan. Pada masa ini, tindak balas penyahoksigenan (DO) dalam keadaan tanpa hidrogen dan pelarut merupakan kaedah yang cekap untuk menghasilkan biofuel iaitu bahan bakar hidrokarbon lestari. Tindak balas DO menggunakan bahan reaktan triolein sebagai model minyak daripada tumbuh-tumbuhan dengan kehadiran mangkin pepejal iaitu silika mesoliang sebagai penyokong kepada logam peralihan seperti Ni, Fe dan Fe-Ni. Oleh itu, penggunaan silika mesoliang heksagon (HMS) memainkan peranan penting sebagai bahan penyokong Ferum (Fe), Nikel (Ni), dan dwilogam Fe-Ni. Sifat fizikokimia pemangkin di atas penyokong HMS telah dicirikan menggunakan pelbagai kaedah seperti XRD, FESEM, EDX, HR-TEM, BET, FT-IR, RAMAN, TPD-NH3, TGA dan XPS. Selain daripada luas permukaan yang lebih besar dan resapan oleh mangkin liang bersaiz meso silika (HMS), ianya dapat meminimumkan pembentukan karbon hitam. Di antara logam-logam peralihan, pemangkin dwilogam Fe-Ni telah menunjukkan aktiviti penyahoksigenan (DO) tertinggi sehingga penukaran triolein sebanyak 96.1% dengan selektiviti hidrokarbon sebanyak 91.8% untuk C8-C20. Peningkatan aktiviti pemangkin yang mendadak oleh Fe-Ni di atas penyokong HMS adalah berkaitan dengan
NiO-NiFe2O4 yang bertaburan dengan sekata. Pembentukan NiO-NiFe2O4 adalah disebabkan oleh kesan sinergistik antara fasa aktif ferum oksida (Fe2O3) dan nikel oksida (NiO). Kewujudan tapak asid kuat dan sederhana lemah sangat memudahkan pemutusan ikatan C-O dan C-C melalui penyahkarboksilasi (DCO2), penyahkarbonilasi (DCO), dan tindak balas retakan. Suhu tindak balas yang sesuai (380 oC), masa tindak balas (2 jam), dan pemuatan mangkin (5 wt%) telah ditentukan untuk tindak balas ini. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa dwilogam Fe-Ni di atas penyokong HMS mempunyai potensi yang tinggi untuk digunakan untuk menghasilkan biofuel daripada minyak tidak boleh dimakan.
Kata kunci: bahan bakar bio, penyahoksigenan, silika mesoliang, HMS, Ni/HMS, Fe/HMS, Fe-Ni/HMS.
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PhD - University of Malaya
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Years of experience: 2. Registered at ProZ.com: Nov 2023.
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Bio
Greetings, I'm Suraya from Malaysia, dedicated to simplifying your life! 🌟 As a native Malay speaker residing in Malaysia, I specialize in writing, translating, editing, and localizing English content into Malay. I'm an engaged freelance translator on platforms like Upwork, Freelancer, and Proz. Throughout my postgraduate studies, I have frequently offered my assistance in translating academic articles and documents for both my supervisor and my international friends.
Keywords: Translation, Bahasa Malaysia, English, Malay, English to Malay, Malay to English, IT, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marketing. See more.Translation, Bahasa Malaysia, English, Malay, English to Malay, Malay to English, IT, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marketing, IT, Science, Mathematic, Typing, Editing, Pdf Conversion, etc. See less.