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English to French - Rates: 0.05 - 0.07 USD per word / 15 - 20 USD per hour Spanish to French - Rates: 0.05 - 0.07 USD per word / 15 - 20 USD per hour French to English - Rates: 0.05 - 0.07 USD per word / 15 - 20 USD per hour Spanish to English - Rates: 0.05 - 0.07 USD per word / 15 - 20 USD per hour
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French to English: Migration et travail domestique des enfants à Yaoundé (Abstract of a PhD thesis translated) General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - French RÉSUMÉ
La présente thèse porte sur « Migration et travail domestique des enfants à Yaoundé ». Elle est partie de la difficulté de comprendre la persistance du phénomène en milieu urbain au Cameroun, dans un contexte où la littérature fonde son explication sur le trafic, la traite et l’exploitation, et en dépit des initiatives de nombreux acteurs qui cherchent à y mettre un terme. Dans cette logique, il était opportun de donner la parole en priorité aux enfants, afin qu’ils puissent rendre compte de la réalité suivant leurs rationalités. Dès lors, il se pose la question fondamentale de recherche de savoir : quel est le sens de la migration et du travail domestique des enfants à Yaoundé ? Un sens qui est davantage appréhendé sous l’angle de la signification. De ce fait, la migration et le travail domestique des enfants consistent en des mouvements d’enfants, des filles et des garçons de nationalité camerounaise, qui se déplacent du milieu rural vers la cité capitale, où ils assurent, avec succès, leur insertion socioprofessionnelle dans le domaine du travail domestique. La vérification de cette proposition a nécessité de recourir à une approche méthodologique qualitative. Théoriquement, elle est fondée sur l’individualisme méthodologique, la sociologie des réseaux sociaux et l’interactionnisme symbolique. Sur le plan empirique, elle s’est basée sur l’observation directe, l’observation documentaire et l’entretien semi-directif. Ainsi, les résultats obtenus se présentent à trois niveaux. D’abord, les enfants migrants travailleurs domestiques à Yaoundé sont originaires des dix régions que compte le Cameroun. Ils effectuent un processus migratoire marqué du sceau de la diversité. L’accès au travail domestique à Yaoundé est l’œuvre d’acteurs multiples et la signature de contrat obéit à une logique verbale. Les principales tâches qui sont réalisées et qui donnent droit à un salaire sont la garde des enfants, le travail de ménage, le gardiennage et les activités de cuisine. Ensuite, les principaux facteurs d’émigration pour le travail domestique sont d’ordres socioculturels, économiques et démographiques. Ils tournent autour de la participation aux travaux domestiques en milieu d’origine, la pauvreté des familles, la taille élevée des ménages, le déficit d’infrastructures socioéconomiques et le dysfonctionnement de l’école en milieu rural. Il en est de même des facteurs d’immigration et du travail domestique où l’on note l’urbanisation et l’accroissement de la demande du travail domestique des enfants,
l’accessibilité liée au coup de la main d’œuvre enfantine, la culture villageoise des enfants migrants, leur scolarisation, l’effritement de la solidarité traditionnelle et le développement de l’individualisme en milieu urbain. Enfin, au sujet des enjeux, l’on observe l’émergence de plusieurs formes de migration de travail domestique et de recomposition sociale des familles d’accueil. Les enfants migrants connaissent, en réalité, des changements socioculturels, économiques et politiques. Des changements en ce qui concerne le bien-être, la langue, la religion, l’éducation, les avantages pécuniaires et la position sociale au sein des familles d’origine. La migration et le travail domestique des enfants constituent un phénomène qui entraine des effets pervers et suscitent non seulement le recours aux stratégies de réalisation de soi au sein des ménages d’accueil, mais aussi l’entretien des aspirations pour un mieux-être.
Mots clés : Sens, Migration, Travail domestique, Enfant, Yaoundé
Translation - English ABSTRACT
This research thesis bears on " Migration and Child Domestic Work in Yaoundé ". It is based on the difficulty in understanding the persistence of the phenomenon in urban areas in Cameroon, in a context where many writers base their explanation on trafficking, smuggling and exploitation, and despite the initiatives of many actors seeking to put an end to it. In this light, it is high time the floor was given in priority to children, so as to allow them give an account of this reality from their own perception. This raises the following fundamental research question: what is the meaning of migration and child domestic work in Yaoundé? Meaning in the present context can be understood as the reality referred to. As a result, migration and child domestic work has to do with the movement of children, especially Cameroonian girls and boys, who converge from rural areas to the capital city, where they successfully ensure their socio-professional integration as domestic workers. A qualitative methodological approach was used to verify this proposal. Theoretically, it is based on the methodological individualism, the sociology of social networks and the symbolic interactionism. Empirically, it was based on direct observation, documentary observation and semi-structured interviews. Thus, the results obtained are presented at three levels. First, migrant children who are domestic workers in Yaoundé come from all the ten regions of Cameroon. They perform a migration marked by a great deal of diversity. Access to domestic work in Yaoundé involves many actors and these workers are usually engaged through an oral agreement. The main tasks performed to expect a salary are childcare, housework, babysitting and cooking. Secondly, the main factors of emigration for domestic work are socio-cultural, economic, and demographic. These factors range from participation in domestic work in the place of origin, family poverty, oversized households, lack of socio-economic infrastructure, to dysfunctional schools in rural areas. The same is true of factors of immigration and of domestic work, with urbanization and the growing demand for child domestic work, accessibility linked to low child labour cost, the village culture of migrant children, their level of education, the erosion of traditional solidarity and the development of individualism in urban areas. Finally, with regard to the issues at stake, one can notice the emergence of several forms of domestic work migration and the social re-composition of host families. The migrant children are in fact experiencing socio-cultural, economic and political changes. Changes in welfare, language, religion, education, financial benefits and social position within families of origin. Migration and child domestic work is a phenomenon that has perverse effects and not only leads to the use of self-actualization strategies in host households, but also to the maintenance of aspirations for well-being.
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Bio
FREELANCE TRANSLATOR AND LANGUAGE TEACHER (EN>FR, ES>FR & FR>EN)
PROFESSIONAL EXPEIENCE :
Since June 2021: Language Service Provider for Amazon (more than 100,000
words post-edited (MTPE) within 3 months in the field of Marketing)
Since November 2020: MTPE and Human Translation at Qtrans
January-December 2019: Staff Translator at Maitriz International Ltd.
Since January 2021: Language service provider for a large number of
agencies in Europe, America and Asia, some of which include Mars Translation,
ADH Translation, Braahmam Net Solutions Pvt, Day Translations, PoliLingua,
just to name a few.
2015 - 2020: Translated a range of legal documents covering a number of areas such as administrative law, business administration law, class action litigation, corporate compliance law, education law, insolvency and restructuring law, reorganization law, Marketing, etc
EDUCATION and TRAINING :
2017: Master's Degree in Translation, French A - English B, Spanish C, Advanced School of Translators and Interpreters (ASTI), University of Buea Cameroon 2015: DiPES II, Diplôme de Professeur des Lycées d'Enseignement secondaire général (High School Teacher’s Diploma) Education = Bilingual Letters, École Normale Supérieure de Maroua 2013: Master in Applied Linguistics University of Yaoundé I 2012: Master 1 in English Language and Sociolinguistics, University of Yaoundé I 2011: Bachelor's Degree in Bilingual Studies (English and French with Spanish as Minor), University of Yaoundé I July-September 2015: Internship at the Translation Unit of the Ministry of External Relations Translation of technical documents for diplomatic missions and meetings, under the supervision of the head of the translation unit of the Ministry Development of glossaries January-June 2018: 06 months of intensive training at Maitriz International Ltd, a translation agency based in Yaound
Keywords: Translation, proofreading, post-editing and transcription
Expertise