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English to Portuguese: Animal Welfare General field: Science Detailed field: Zoology
Source text - English Animal welfare is the well-being of non-human animals. Formal standards of animal welfare vary between contexts, but are debated mostly by animal welfare groups, legislators, and academics. Animal welfare science uses measures such as longevity, disease, immunosuppression, behavior, physiology, and reproduction, although there is debate about which of these best indicate animal welfare.
Respect for animal welfare is often based on the belief that nonhuman animals are sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being or suffering, especially when they are under the care of humans.[4] These concerns can include how animals are slaughtered for food, how they are used in scientific research, how they are kept (as pets, in zoos, farms, circuses, etc.), and how human activities affect the welfare and survival of wild species.
There are two forms of criticism of the concept of animal welfare, coming from diametrically opposite positions. One view, held by some thinkers in history, holds that humans have no duties of any kind to animals. The other view is based on the animal rights position that animals should not be regarded as property and any use of animals by humans is unacceptable. Accordingly, some animal rights proponents argue that the perception of better animal welfare facilitates continued and increased exploitation of animals.[5][6] Some authorities therefore treat animal welfare and animal rights as two opposing positions.[7][page needed][8][9] Others see animal welfare gains as incremental steps towards animal rights.
The predominant view of modern neuroscientists, notwithstanding philosophical problems with the definition of consciousness even in humans, is that consciousness exists in nonhuman animals.[10][11] However, some still maintain that consciousness is a philosophical question that may never be scientifically resolved.[12] Remarkably, a new study has managed to overcome some of the difficulties in testing this question empirically and devised a unique way to dissociate conscious from nonconscious perception in animals.[13] In this study conducted in rhesus monkeys, the researchers built experiments predicting completely opposite behavioral outcomes to consciously vs. non-consciously perceived stimuli. Strikingly, the monkeys' behaviors displayed these exact opposite signatures, just like aware and unaware humans tested in the study.
Translation - Portuguese Bem-estar animal refere-se ao bem-estar de animais não-humanos. A ética formal desse tópico varia de acordo com diferentes contextos, no entanto é principalmente discutida por grupos de bem-estar animal, membros do legislativo e acadêmicos. Apesar de um longo debate de quais seriam os melhores indicadores do bem-estar animal, a ciência utiliza medidas como longevidade, doenças, imunosupressão, comportamento, fisiologia e reprodução para medir-lo.
O respeito pelo bem-estar animal é baseado na crença que animais não humanos são sencientes e que devemos considerar o seu bem-estar e sofrimento, especialmente quando eles estão sob cuidados humanos. Entre as preocupações que se deve ter estão a forma como os animais são abatidos para consumo humano, como eles são usados em pesquisas científicas, como eles são mantidos (como pets, em zoológicos, fazendas, circos, etc), e como as atividades humanas afetam o bem-estar e sobrevivência de espécies selvagens.
As duas principais críticas ao conceito de bem-estar animal surgem de perspectivas totalmente opostas. A primeira, defendida por historiadores, defende que os humanos não têm nenhum tipo de obrigação com os animais. A outra baseia-se nos direitos dos animais, na qual os animais não deveriam ser tratados como propriedade e o uso de animais por humanos é inaceitável. De acordo com essa visão, alguns defensores dos direitos dos animais debatem que a percepção de um melhor bem-estar animal facilita e aumenta a exploração animal. Assim, algumas autoridades tratam o bem-estar-animal e direitos dos animais como duas perspectivas opostas. Outros veem os ganhos do bem-estar animal como passos incrementais em direção aos direitos animais.
A visão predominante de neurocientistas modernos, em relação a problemas filosóficos com a definição de consciência até em humanos, é que a consciência existe em animais. Entretanto, alguns ainda sustentam que a consciência é uma questão filosófica que pode nunca ser cientificamente resolvida. Notavelmente, um novo estudo conseguiu ultrapassar algumas das dificuldades em testar essa questão empiricamente e conceberam um jeito único de dissociar a percepção de consciência para a de não consciência em animais. Nesse estudo, feito com macacos rhesus, os pesquisadores criaram experimentos prevendo resultados comportamentais completamente opostos em estímulos percebidos conscientemente e não conscientemente. Surpreendentemente, os comportamentos dos macacos exibiram assinaturas totalmente opostas, assim como humanos conscientes e não conscientes testados no estudo.
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Bio
Versatile Brazilian translator (Brazilian Portuguese ⇋ English) with experience in Biological Sciences. Holding a Master's degree in Biological Sciences, my expertise lies in scientific research and scientific writing. In addition, I have got 6 years of experience as an ESL English teacher. I am also passionate about languages and how it connects people.
Here are some of my proudest achievements:
✅Presented results from my research at several conferences (national and international), where I could develop skills in assertive communication and public speaking as well.
✅Helped many insecure students to find their own voices in English, which allowed me to work on my English, teaching and organizational skills.
✅Helped students to find their dream jobs.
✅Worked with people from different fields and expertise, which gave me resilience and also knowledge about many different topics.
Additionally, I am a very curious person and as a teacher, I end up searching for any kind of topics that my students are into, which gives me a good background on a variety of topics. I have a particular interest in zoology, animal physiology, animal behavior, animal welfare and psychology.
Here’s some volunteer work: Original captions: Reclaiming a borrowed dream | Pragya Sharma | TED x Queens University Belfast
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