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English to Indonesian: anemia General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Health Care
Source text - English Anemia is widely prevalent in India and affects both sexes and all age group. [1] It is a major public health problem in developing countries especially in preschool children and during pregnancy. [2] The National Family Health Survey-II conducted in 1998-99, documented that about 74% children between the ages 6-35 months were anemic. [3] Evidence indicates that iron deficiency anemia is associated with impaired performance on a range of mental and physical factors in children including physical coordination and capacity, mental development, cognitive abilities and social and emotional development. [4]
Although the National Anemia Prophylaxis Programme (NAPP) has been set up in all states of the country since 1970, the benefits have not yet been appreciated in the target population due to constraints like lack of operational feasibility to estimate the hemoglobin level, orientation of field workers and acceptance of the programme by the beneficiaries. Therefore coverage of children under this programme is still poor and more marked in difficult tribal areas where the nutritional anemia remains as a major health problem due to nutritional deficiency, repeated infection and high prevalence of sickle cell anemia. Most physical examinations include clinical assessment of anemia in patients that form the tip of iceberg. But the "true state" can be assessed by verification of Hemoglobin concentration in blood [5] and this should be done in a community setting.
An attempt was made to estimate the problem of anemia in tribal children with following objectives: (i) To assess the prevalence of anemia in tribal children. (ii) To assess the severity of anemia. (iii) To find out the age and sex wise distribution of anemia in children. (iv) To explore the different underlying factors for development of anemia.
Material and Methods
The cross sectional study was carried out in six randomly selected tribal villages of Mohana block in Gajapati district during Aug. 2004 to Feb. 2005. The study subjects included 599 children of age 6 month-14 years in these villages, who attended the health camp voluntarily. After thorough clinical examination, their hemoglobin level was estimated by Sahali's acid haematin method as part of other laboratory examinations & degree of anemia was decided based on Hb level for the age group. [6] Data on recent morbidities and type of food they consumed and iron and folic acid supplementation (Showing the IFA tablets) during last one year were collected from parents by oral questionnaire & analyzed in the Department of Community Medicine, M.K.C.G. Medical College, Brahmapur, Orissa.
Translation - Indonesian Anemia banyak terjadi di India dan menjangkiti semua kelompok umur, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. [1]Ini adalah persoalan kesehatan masyarakat utama di negara-negara berkembang , terutama pada anak-anak pra usia sekolah dan ibu hamil. [2] The National Family Health Survey-II yang dilakukan tahun 1998-99, mencatat bahwa sekitar 74% anak-anak usia 6 – 35 bulan menderita anemia. [3] Bukti-bukti mengindikasikan bahwa anemia kekurangan zat besi terkait dengan penurunan kinerja sejumlah faktor mental dan fisik pada anak-anak, termasuk diantaranya kapasitas dan koordinasi fisik, perkembangan mental, kemampuan kognitif, dan perkembangan sosial serta emosional. [4]
Meskipun National Anemia Prophylaxis Programme (NAPP) telah dicanangkan di semua negara bagian di India sejak tahun 1970, kegunaannya belum banyak dirasakan oleh populasi yang menjadi target dikarenakan berbagai keterbatasan, seperti kurangnya kemungkinan operasional untuk memperkirakan tingkat hemoglobin, orientasi para pekerja dilapangan, dan penerimaan program ini oleh mereka yang menjadi sasaran. Sehingga tingkat ketercakupan anak-anak pada program ini masih rendah dan lebih kentara lagi pada wilayah-wilayah kesukuan yang sulit , dimana anemia nutrisi masih menjadi persoalan kesehatan utama dikarenakan adanya defisiensi nutrisi, infeksi berulang, dan tingginya prevalensi anemia sickle cell. Sebagian besar pemeriksaan fisik mencakup pengujian anemia yang hanya merupakan puncak dari gunung es. Tetapi keadaan sesungguhnya dapat diketahui dari verifikasi konsentrasi Hemoglobin pada darah dan hal ini harus dilakukan didalam lingkup masyarakat.
Telah dilakukan usaha untuk membuat perkiraan permasalahan anemia pada anak-anak suku dengan sasaran sebagai berikut: (i) Mengetahui prevalensi anemia pada anak-anak suku. (ii) Untuk mengetahui tingkat keparahan anemia. (iii) Untuk mengetahui penyebaran anemia pada anak-anak dari segi usia dan umur. (iv) Untuk mengetahui berbagai factor penyebab utama perkembangan anemia.
Materi dan Metode
Studi cross section dilakukan di enam desa kesukuan yang dipilih secara acak di blok Mohana, distrik Gajapati, dari bulan Agustus 2004 sampai Februari 2005. Subjek studi meliputi 599 anak-anak usia 6 bulan – 14 tahun yang mengikuti kegiatan health camp dengan sukarela. Setelah dilakukan duka kali pemeriksaan klinis dengan seksama, tingkat hemoglobin mereka diperkirakan dengan Sahali’s acid haematin method sebagai bagian dari pengujian laboratorium, dan tingkat anemia ditentukan berdasarkan tingkat Hb untuk tiap kelompok usia.[6] Data mengenai morbiditas dan tipe makanan yang mereka konsumsi, dan suplementasi zat besi dan folic acid (yang menunjukkan tablet IFA) selama satu tahun terakhir dikumpulkan dari para pasien melalui wawancara langsung dan kemudian dianalisa di Department of Community Medicine, M.K.C.G. Medical College, Brahmapur, Orissa.
Indonesian to English: hallucination General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Health Care
Source text - Indonesian BAB VI
PENUTUP
A. KESIMPULAN
Setelah membandingkan teori dan pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan pada klien Tn. S dengan halusinasi, dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut :
Membina hubungan saling percaya pada klien halusinasi merupakan tindakan utama yang harus dilakukan perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan klien menarik diri.
Terapi aktivitas kelompok : gerak, yang terprogram dapat membantu memberikan kegiatan pada klien halusinasi selama di Rumah Sakit.
Mengajarkan dan memberi stimulus yang terus menerus pada klien halusinasi diperlukan untuk memelihara kebersihan diri secara bertahap.
B. Saran
Dari kesimpulan diatas kami menyarankan sebagai berikut :
Dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan menarik diri hendaknya hubungan saling percaya dilakukan secara bertahap, mulai dari perawat kemudian perawat lain serta pada klien lainnya
Kontrak yang dibuat bersama klien hendaknya dilakukan secara konsisten.
Terapi aktivitas kelompok dan stimulus hendaknya dilakukan secara teratur.
Memberikan reinforcement positip setiap melakukan kegiatan
Translation - English CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION
A. Conclusion
After comparing the theory and implementation of the treatment toward Mr S who suffers hallucination, the followings can be concluded:
Gaining mutual trust from patients with hallucination should be the primary effort by the nurse to treat self-retracting patients.
Group activity therapy: pre-programmed motions might provide activities for hallucination clients during their hospital stays.
Teaching and providing stimulus for hallucination clients are required to help them gradually maintain their self-hygiene.
B. Suggestions
The following suggestions are drawn from the above conclusions :
Building mutual trust to treat self-retracting patients should be conducted gradually, starting from one nurse to the other, and then to the patients.
Contacts with the patients should be conducted consistently.
Group activities therapy and stimulus should be given regularly.
Positive reinforcements should be given during every activity.
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An experienced translator for the EN-ID language pair looking to further my work as a freelance translator that I have started since 2003. My background in science allows me to work on all kinds of materials, from business documents to scientific papers. I also work as a translator for PeMad International Transearch (a leading translation agency in Indonesia), with non-competition agreement as the golden rule. I need this job to keep on improving my skills by going to workshop and training and to widen my circles.I work well with CAT tools like Trados, MemoQ, and their online counterparts like Smartling and Smarcat, and also quality assurance software like Xbench. Therefore I should be able to deliver utmost translation, editing, and proofreading results. Timely delivery is another point I always take seriously. I should be able to manage around 2,000 to 4,000 words per day working on manual translation. I also guarantee satisfaction with after translation follow ups should further adjustments be required for the translated documents. Other than English-Indonesian, I am also very capable of translating documents from and to the language of my mother tongue - Javanese. Therefore, I also provide English-Javanese language pair translation services. One last important thing is non-disclosure agreement. I certainly guarantee confidentiality of the documents I work on and the clients I am working with. I will sign a non-disclosure agreement if it is required by my client.
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