electrokinetic effects (electrokinetics) - phenomena that arise due to a charge separation caused by the relative motion of a solid and liquid phase; a portion of the Gouy-Chapman diffuse layer is sheared off as the two phases move relative to each other, resulting in a charge separation; the hydrodynamic boundary layer remains attached to the solid surface while the rest of the liquid moves separately; consequently, electrokinetic effects arise when the "diffuse double layer" is thicker that the "hydrodynamic boundary layer”; the electrical potential difference between the bulk solution and the "shear plane" is the "electrokinetic potential," often called the "zeta potential”; two types of effects arise: an electrical potential difference will arise between the two phases if they move relative to each other due to an external force (streaming potential and sedimentation potential) or a movement of the two phases will arise relative to each other if an electrical potential is applied parallel to the phase boundary (electroosmosis and electrophoresis); accordingly, "electrokinetics" includes the following four "electrokinetic effects”:
(1) Streaming potential arises when liquid is flowing by a solid surface, e.g., when liquid is forced through a capillary tubing or porous solid by a pressure differential
(2) Sedimentation potential arises when small suspended particles move through a liquid (e.g., forced by gravity); this can occur in "dispersions" (suspended solid particles) or "emulsions" (suspended immiscible liquid droplets); also called "eletrophoretic potential" or "Dorn potential"
(3) ***Electroosmosis is the movement of a liquid through a capillary tubing or porous solid driven by an electrical potential difference; also called "electroendosmosis"***
(4) Electrophoresis is the movement of small suspended particles in a liquid driven by an electrical potential difference; this can occur in "dispersions" (suspended solid particles) or "emulsions" (suspended immiscible liquid droplets)

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