The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared to the classification systems in other countries.
Urban localities[edit]
Cities and towns (город, gorod; pl. города, goroda). While the Russian language has no separate words for "city" and town ("город" is used for both), in translation to English, the word "city" is commonly applied to the urban localities with a population of at least 100,000 and town to the smaller ones. Traditionally, a town has at least 12,000 inhabitants, but the exact criteria can be different in the various parts of Russia. Cities and towns are classified by the level of jurisdiction they belong to:
town under district (rayon) jurisdiction or Town of district significance
city or town under federal subject jurisdiction, also known as city of federal subject significance
federal city, a city that is in itself a constituent federal subject of the Russian Federation
Note that this classification is actually involved with administrative areas, which can include some rural area or other settlements around the central city or town. Some parts of Russia use the term "town of district significance" also for the localities.
Urban-type settlements (посёлок городского типа, posyolok gorodskogo tipa; pl. посёлки городского типа) is a type of smaller urban locality. This type of urban locality was first introduced in the Soviet Union in 1924, with the following subcategories:[4]
Urban-type settlement proper—mostly urban population of 3,000–12,000.
Work settlement (рабочий посёлок, rabochy posyolok) — mostly urban population occupied in industrial manufacture.
Suburban (dacha) settlement (дачный посёлок, dachny posyolok) — typically, a suburban settlement with summer dachas.
Resort settlement (курортный посёлок, kurortny posyolok) — mostly urban population occupied in services.
In 1957, the procedures for categorizing urban-type settlements were further refined.[5]
Rural localities[edit]
Multiple types of rural localities exist, some common through the whole territory of Russia, some specific to certain federal subjects. The most common types include:
Villages (деревня, derevnya; pl. деревни, derevni)
Selos (село, selo; pl. сёла, syola), also translated as "village". Historically, a selo differed from a village in that it had an Orthodox church.
(Rural-type) settlements (посёлок (сельского типа), posyolok (selskogo tipa); pl. посёлки (сельского типа)). The "rural-type" (сельского типа) designation is added to the settlements the population of which is mostly occupied in agriculture, while posyolok (посёлок) proper indicates a mix of population working in agriculture and industry.
Stanitsas (станица, stanitsa; pl. станицы, stanitsy)—historically, a Cossack rural locality. The name is still currently in use, with the basic meaning of "village".
Slobodas (слобода, sloboda; pl. слободы, slobody)—historically, a settlement freed from taxes and levies for various reasons. The name is still currently in use with the basic meaning of "village".
Khutors (хутор, khutor; pl. хутора, khutora)—translated as "hamlet", "farmstead", or "village".
Pochinoks (починок, pochinok; pl. починки, pochinki)—a newly formed rural locality of one or several families. Pochinoks are established as new settlements and usually grow into larger villages as they develop.
In some federal subjects, ethnic terminology is used in the Russian language. Such locality types include аул (aul), аал (aal), and кишлак (kishlak).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_...

provided you expect a translation for СЕЛЬСКАЯ местность

Or to a lesser degree "surroundings".

the area near or surrounding a particular place.
"the number of people living in the immediate vicinity was small"
synonyms: neighborhood, surrounding area, locality, locale, area, local area, district, region, quarter, zone; More