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This question was closed without grading. Reason: No acceptable answer
Apr 17, 2016 06:29
8 yrs ago
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French term

tirants de fixation

French to English Other Archaeology The Swahili Walled Cities
Ces trous de boulin de 20cm de côté passent complètement à travers l'épaisseur du mur et sont espacés d'1m à 1,4 m. Ils correspondent aux attaches des tirants de fixation en bois pour le coffrage du mortier.



Does it refer to 'tie beams'?
Proposed translations (English)
3 mounting bars/mounting rods
3 spreaders
3 waler bars

Discussion

Hazel Le Goff (asker) Apr 20, 2016:
This is as clear as mud... rammed-earth mud!!... However, I have just found the following site: http://oa.upm.es/11373/1/GIL_CRESPO_2012_RAMMED_EARTH_WALLS_...

On page 110, this paragraph gives me hope!!!
The presence of the putlog holes of the wooden
cross ties helps us to reconstruct the process of the
walls construction.
Didier Fourcot Apr 20, 2016:
@asker Per your reference (first photograph top right) the ties or tie-rods (tirants) are the metal parts with nuts perpendicular to the wall (passing in "trous de boulin" in your ST, although these are much smaller), the waler bars (barres de traverse) are on the picture just below the horizontal bars parallel to the wall, but I am still unsure from source text whether the "tirants de fication" are the vertical bars on top picture (barres verticales/barres de renfort) or the horizontal ones on middle picture

For picture comparison:
http://www.peri.lt/files/pdf3/Component_Catalogue_Formwork_2...
http://www.emisupplies.com/steel_index1.html
http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/en/d/Jgtz025ae/...
Hazel Le Goff (asker) Apr 20, 2016:
Although it is not specified in this article, previous articles written by the same author indicate that this refers to a rammed-earth wall and the 'coffrage' is the formwork of this type of wall. Hence, why I think it may be tie beams or just ties, as per this website:
http://www.builditinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/...
JaneD Apr 17, 2016:
@Marco I think we're saying the same thing here! What we need is more context about the "coffrage" so that we know what function the "tirants de fixation" performed.
Marco Solinas Apr 17, 2016:
To: Jane Jane: I am not sure. The "trous de boulin" (20 cm in diameter) go through the entire wall and their positions correspond to those of the anchoring points of the "tirants de fixation."
JaneD Apr 17, 2016:
@Marco Yes, but if you look at the text more closely, the "trous de boulin" aren't the holes where the "tirants de fixation" used to be - they held the *attachments* for the "tirants de fixation", which could have been of any diameter.
Marco Solinas Apr 17, 2016:
Tie beams If they were talking about modern concrete forms, "tie rods" might be appropriate (http://www.hi-lite-systems.com/concrete-formwork/tie-rods). In this case, as they seem to be 20 cm in diameter, your suggestion (tie beams) is probably a better choice.
JaneD Apr 17, 2016:
What kind of coffering are we talking about here? At first glance I took this to mean coffering for mortar to be poured behind, in which case something like "support joists" or simply "support beams" might be more appropriate.

But then I wondered whether you're talking about the structure supporting a coffered ceiling, where "tie beams" might well be right.

Proposed translations

10 hrs

mounting bars/mounting rods

trous de boulin refer to an old time construction style.
The above should retain this old time way of calling these,.
Something went wrong...
11 hrs

spreaders

Strictly speaking, "tirants" work in tension, not compression, which is why they are generally metal, not wood. Wood works better in compressionfor the apparent purpose (keeping the sides of the formwork apart) and so I find it likely that these are spreaders.
http://www.free-ed.net/free-ed/Resources/Trades/carpentry/Bu...
"Small pieces of wood are cut the same length as the thickness of the wall and are placed between the forms to maintain proper distance between forms. These pieces are known as spreaders. The spreaders are not nailed but are held in place by friction and must be removed before the concrete covers them. A wire should be securely attached to each spreader so that the spreaders can be pulled out after the concrete has exerted enough pressure on the walls to allow them to be easily removed."
Something went wrong...
1 day 4 hrs

waler bars

Comme je le vois:
- Les trous de boulins traversants reçoivent des pièces horizontales qui en coffrage moderne seraient des tirants (tie-rods) comme l'explique Barbara, ou des écarteurs (spreaders) qui maintiennent la distance entre les coffrages avant de travailler en traction après le remplissage
- Perpendiculairement à ceux-là (donc dans le plan vertical) se trouvent les "tirants de fixation" à mon avis mal nommés, ça pourrait être des renforts de coffrage mais j'ai du mal à voir s'ils sont verticaux ou horizontaux (entre deux trous de boulins à la même hauteur ou superposés)?

En tous cas cette pièce de renfort de coffrage s'appelle "waler bar" (barre de traverse), voir page 38 de ce catalogue par exemple:
http://www.nca.ca/a/uploads/catalogues/file/20160211102957_a...
ou ici "twin steel walers":
http://wikidwelling.wikia.com/wiki/Formwork
Reference:

http://www.pacificgroupdevelopments.com/services/concrete-forms-lock-bar-waler-bar-rentals

http://www.northlandconstruction.com/product/14x34x8-locking-bar-2792

Peer comment(s):
neutral B D Finch : Walers are generally "raidisseurs".
1 day 21 hrs
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