Glossary entry

English term or phrase:

fl

English answer:

floruit

Added to glossary by _floriana_
Jan 15, 2009 12:03
15 yrs ago
1 viewer *
English term

fl

Non-PRO English Art/Literary Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting history of art
Perhaps I should know, but I have no idea and I can't find it in my usual dictionaries: if I find the acronym "fl" in brackets after a name in a text focused on the history of art, as is the case of the engraver "J.T. Wedgwood (fl 1821)", what does the acronym stand for?
Thanks a lot!
f
Change log

Jan 15, 2009 14:27: Tony M changed "Level" from "PRO" to "Non-PRO"

Votes to reclassify question as PRO/non-PRO:

PRO (2): d_vachliot (X), Polangmar

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Discussion

Christopher Crockett Jan 15, 2009:
The OED on the Subject I was going to add a discussion here, but can't seem to get the line breaks into the text, without which it is very difficult to read. So I'll just add my remarks in an "answer."
_floriana_ (asker) Jan 15, 2009:
errm... I meant that "fl" is _not_ the engraver's initials: I was sure it had to do with his biography, and now I'm certain that "floruit" is the right explanation.
Ken Cox Jan 15, 2009:
more... J.T. Wedgwood (floruit 1821)
by J.T. Wedgwood, published by W. Walker, after John Thurston line engraving, published 1 September 1821. Archive Collection · NPG D15329 ...
www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp53097&role=a...

Sir Cloudsley Shovel, Rear Admiral of England. Engraved by J T ...
Engraved by J T Wedgwood from the original in the Hampton Court Collection ... Wedgwood, John Taylor [engraver]. Made:. Technique: engraving, stipple ...
www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/prints/viewPrint.cfm?ID=PAD2694
Gary D Jan 15, 2009:
f may be the month and l the day 6/12 1821. It seems Wedgwood used the alphabet like this for a long time.
_floriana_ (asker) Jan 15, 2009:
In response to Gary D and Angela Dickson It's the engraver's initials -- the whole text reads:

An engraving by J.T.Wedgwood (fl 1821) of the Jacobite general Thomas Foster is inscribed ‘from a miniature by Rosalba. Painted at Venice’ (Witt Library, London).
Angela Dickson (X) Jan 15, 2009:
see here: http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=m...

This is not about pottery, it's about an engraver called Wedgwood.
Angela Dickson (X) Jan 15, 2009:
In response to Gary D: No, Gary, it's not the engraver's initials, it's a way to indicate that this person was active at the stated time.
Gary D Jan 15, 2009:
Jt Wedgwood would be the company and "fl" will be the engravers initials, then of course the year, 1821

Responses

+7
7 mins
Selected

floruit


Not an acronym but abbreviated Latin: means 'flourished' or 'was flourishing' and indicates that the person in question was active on that date (esp when exact dates of birth & death are not known - though this is unlikely to be the case with Wedgwood).
Peer comment(s):

agree d_vachliot (X)
1 min
agree Peter Skipp
56 mins
agree Armorel Young
59 mins
agree Derek Gill Franßen
1 hr
agree Christopher Crockett : No dout about it. Denotes the artist's/craftsman's period of greatest activity --frequently a range of dates, rather than a single year./Yes about both uses. And most definitely *not* initials. Duh.
1 hr
It seems to be used in two ways - to indicate a point at which the artist was active (i.e. producing any work at all) if birth/death dates are unknown, or to indicate when he/she was most active. However, the asker seems convinced that these are initials.
agree Natalie Koshman : exactement!!
1 hr
agree Tony M
2 hrs
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "thanks a lot for all your precious answers!"
+4
5 mins

it's the period when a particular trend/person/style etc. was in its hay-day

Those how we'd say this in English is beyond me.

Check this link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FL

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 6 mins (2009-01-15 12:10:16 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Actually, it's 'fl' in English too, of course, from the latin original.
Peer comment(s):

agree Suzan Hamer : Well, you beat me by a minute; your link explains "floruit (Latin, "flourished"), used to indicate periods when a person, organization, or species was influential." Guess I'm a pretty good guesser . . .
3 mins
I guess so! Thanks Suzan!
agree Peter Skipp
58 mins
Thanks, Peter
neutral Armorel Young : maybe horses have hay-days (equine equivalent of a duvet day?) but surely trends and fashions have a heyday
1 hr
Then there is an alternative spelling, because 'hayday' gets plenty of relevant hits.
agree Christopher Crockett : As Angela says, it's the abbreviation (and therefore should have a period after it) for "floruit." Pronounced FLOR-u-eat. Usually read as simply "flourished."
1 hr
Thanks, Christopher
agree Tony M
2 hrs
Something went wrong...
+2
6 mins

flourished

Just a guess, but it makes sense. It would indicate the time in which the artist was at his prime, at the peak of his career and powers, so to speak.
Peer comment(s):

agree Peter Skipp
57 mins
Thank you, Peter.
agree Christopher Crockett : In English, yes. Latin for "floruit," as Angela says.
1 hr
Thank you, Christopher.
Something went wrong...
-1
27 mins

date code

This may help: http://www.thepotteries.org/mark/w/wedgwood-date.html


f may be the month and l the day 6/12 1821. It seems Wedgwood used the alphabet like this for a long time.
Peer comment(s):

neutral Christopher Crockett : A good guess, but not this time.
1 hr
disagree Tony M : Sorry, but this is a bog-standard abbreviation used in this sort of field, like c. for 'circa' etc.
1 hr
Something went wrong...
2 hrs

Abbreviation for the Latin, floruit --as Angela says

Angela is right here, Floriana.

It's a frequently used (in historical and art historical writing) abbreviation for the Latin "floruit," definitely not "initials."

Here's the definitive Oxford English Dictionary on the subject:

FLORUIT

[Latin, 3rd sing. perf. indic. of _florere_ to flourish. ]

Occasionally used for: The period during which a person ‘flourished’.

1843 LIDDELL & SCOTT Greek-Eng. Lex. Pref., The date of each Author's ‘floruit’ is added in the margin.

1882 SAINTSBURY Hist. Fr. Lit. Pref. 9 The Index will..be found to contain the date of the birth and death, or, if these be not obtainable, the _floruit_ of every deceased author of any importance.

1890 H. W. WATKINS Bampton Lect. ii. 100 Professor de Groot puts his life at A.D. 65-135, and his _floruit_ in the reign of Trajan.

-------

Fl.

= L. floruit he flourished (FLOURISH v. 4).

1879 LEWIS & SHORT Latin Dict. p. xi/1, F. Vegetius Renatus, writer on the art of war, fl. A.D. 386.

1905 F. H. COLLINS Author & Printer 124/1 fl., floruit (flourished).

1959 Webster's Biogr. Dict. 808/1 Kay.., John. fl. 1733-1764. English inventor of flying..shuttle.

------
FLOURISH

4. To be at the height of fame or excellence; to be in one's bloom or prime. Also in weaker sense, used in pa. tense of a person to indicate that his life and activity belong to a specified period (cf. FLORUIT).

1387 TREVISA Higden (Rolls) IV. 173 In his tyme Plautus Latinus..florische at Rome.

1550 VERON Godly Sayings Aij, Origene..did florysshe in the yere of our lorde cc.lxi.

1661 BRAMHALL Just Vind. i. 3 His most renowned Ancestours..flourished whilest Popery was in its Zenith.

1700 DRYDEN Pref. Fables (Globe) 494 Spenser and Fairfax both flourished in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

1820 W. IRVING Sketch Bk. I. 189 James flourished nearly about the time of Chaucer and Gower.

1855 TENNYSON Brook 11 In our schoolbooks we say, Of those that held their heads above the crowd, They flourish'd then or then.
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