English to Portuguese Social Sciences Government / Politics eleições, política

As Grossman notes, “One implication of
the weak party system prevalent in Africa is that . . . opposition parties
commonly lack . . . the . . . capacity necessary to stimulate new issue
dimensions. Instead, they are more likely to react to cues from incumbents or
organized social groups” (2015, 341). Many scholars have instead debated
whether the culprit is local tradition, religion imposed by colonists, or other
global rightist forces (J. Anderson 2011; Cheney 2012; Sadgrove et al. 2012).
However, this focus on international networks of conservative Christians
minimizes the AGENCY of local groups to accept, reject, or reinterpret messages.
By contrast, the activism of Pentecostal leaders and congregations better
explains observed patterns (Bompani and Terreni Brown 2015; Grossman
2015). As Grossman argues, “the upward trend in the issue saliency of LGBTs
is closely related to . . . (1) a rapid growth of Pentecostal, Evangelical, and
related Renewalist or Spirit-filled churches (demand factor) and (2)
a democratization process leading to heightened political competition (supply
factor)