English to Polish Tech/Engineering Energy / Power Generation UE, wspólny rynek gazu i energii elektrycznej

Dokument Instytucji Europejskiej. Wspólny rynek gazu i energii elektrycznej w UE - nieprawidłowości w funkcjonowaniu sektora / zakłócenia konkurencji. Przeprowadzono dochodzenie.

s. kluczowe: market concentration/ market power
vertical foreclosure
(unadequate) unbundling
lack of integration
downstream markets
balancing markets
capacity : )
regulatory gaps
lack of transparency

Balancing markets
Currently (...) balancing markets often favour incumbents and create obstacles for newcomers. The size of the current balancing zones is too small, which leads to increased costs and protects the market power of incumbents.
(...) For gas, the small size of current balancing zones increases the complexity and costs of shipping gas within Europe. Costs are increased by highly complex and divergent rules in each zone, and by the obligation to reserve capacity at each border point. (...) problems are exacerbated by the time dimension: the shorter the balancing period, the higher the risk of imbalance for the supplier. All these aspects create (...) major obstacles for new suppliers to enter the market. Furthermore, balancing charges, clearing costs and penalty charges are not transparent and often contain unjustified penalty charges, favouring incumbents. Effective unbundling is necessary to create a level playing field in the balancing markets and to reduce barriers to entry.
In electricity, the markets on which transmission system operators have to acquire balancing and reserve energy are highly concentrated, which gives generators scope for exercising market power. This can result in entry barriers for new suppliers facing a high risk of high >>>IMBALANCE PRICES