English to Greek Social Sciences Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc. experiments

X, Y and Z investigated infants' willingness to cross a visual cliff as a function of the mother's posed facial expression. (When the mothers smiled, 14 out of 19 infants crossed over the deep side. When mothers displayed a 'fear' face, none of the17 infants crossed the deep side. The facial expressions made by each mother clearly affected her child's behavior.

Δείτε και το εξής πείραμα: http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:xNgBS5NB9NEJ:www.bec.ucl...
Αντιγράφω:
2. Apparatus. The visual cliff (Walk, 1966; Walk & Gibson, 1961), a 1.3 x 2 x 2.6 m plexiglass-covered table designed to create the illusion of a 1.3 m vertical drop off, was divided into two 2 x 1.15 m halves by a 30.0 cm wide centerboard strip of white adhesive paper. Immediately beneath the plexiglass on the “shallow” side of the visual cliff was a checkerboard pattern of 7.62 cm square red and white tiles. Lying 1.3 m beneath the plexiglass on the “deep” side of the visual cliff was a checkerboard pattern of 15.24 cm square red and white tiles. To capture infant positioning and movement on the cliff, we used two cameras, hidden behind a curtain, one trained on the shallow side, one on the deep side, and both with complete views of the centerboard.
και:
(Twenty-two 8.5-month-olds in Study 1 and 40 9.5-month-olds in Study 2 were tested in the “moving room” to assess visual proprioception and on the “visual cliff” to assess height wariness. Results from both studies revealed that postural sway to lamellar peripheral optic flow predicted infants’ latency to cross the deep side of the cliff, significantly accounting for 34 % of the variance in behavioral avoidance in Study 1 and for 16 % in Study 2. These data support a developmental relation between visual proprioception and wariness of heights.
In the following two studies, we assessed the correspondence between wariness of heights and utilization of lamellar peripheral optic flow in a group of 8.5-month-old and a group of 9.5-month-old locomoting infants3. Both studies employed a crossing paradigm in which infants were placed on the visual cliff and encouraged to cross over both the deep and shallow sides to their mothers, with behavioral avoidance indexing wariness. In the moving room, infants’ postural coupling to side wall movement indexed utilization of lamellar peripheral optic flow for controlling posture. By our account, heightened compensation to specific patterns of partial as opposed to global optic flow suggests a fine-tuning in infants’ visual-vestibular/somatosensory coordination sufficient to establish specific expectations of correlated input. We predicted, in brief, that infants who demonstrated greater coupling of postural responsiveness to side wall movements in the moving room would also demonstrate more avoidance on the visual cliff).