Spanish term
Notario y Escribano Público
"En Ciudad del Este, República del Paraguay a los... [fecha], ante mí:
Fulano de Tal, ***Notario y Escribano Público***, comparecen en los señores:..."
Anyone familiar with Paraguayan law?
Ordinarily I'd investigate this myself, but after taking a quick look I couldn't find anything in my dictionaries, on KudoZ, or in online references, and I'm a little pushed for time tonight. :-)
Thanks in advance!
Proposed translations
Public Notary
En algunos países no son sinónimas estas palabras ni conceptos.
En US el concepto de Notary Public o Public Notary no son similares a los usos latinos.
Pero en lo general se traducen las acepciones latinas por ésta en inglés.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notario
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escribano
http://www.cep.org.py/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notary_public
http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/judicial/s...
Thank you, Juan. There certainly doesn't seem to be much difference, but having said that, I feel we need some kind of placeholder for "escribano". |
agree |
Stuart and Aida Nelson
: Buena investigación. Mejor Notary Public, creo que se usa más.
4 hrs
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Gracias Stuart&Aida!
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agree |
Charles Davis
1 day 8 hrs
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Gracias Charles!
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Notary & Commissioner for Oaths /Paraguayan 'Public Scrivener'
Besides, a registrar might be confusable and conflatable with an Escribano de Registro or with an England & Wales County Court Registrar/ now known as a District Judge or High Court Bankruptcy Registrar/ Judge-only e.g. at the Royal Courts of Justice in London. I recently had this argument with another translator on a German title of 'Zivil-Civil-adjunkt'
Otherwise, the wtinessing-only and sign-off vs. notarial 'attestation' or 'notarisation' of documents lies within the remit and purview of an Escribano cf. a Commissioner for Oaths - which title I used to hold in the UK but never as a Notary Public whilst describing myself to Paraguayan and other acquaintances as a 'Procurador de los tribunalesi ngleses etc. y Escribano Público de GB.'
Compare a 'Scrivener Notary' in the UK as an ancient title for ecclesiastical scribe of the Faculty of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
PS I long for the day, or night, when tourists and foreign lawyers, instead of asking the tiresome and predictable question of the difference between a 'Barrister and a Solicitor', ask me and others about the difference between a Notary Public and Commissioner for Oaths.
Escribano Público > ' a special notary who witnesses documents but does not act as a judicial assistant': Butterworths ES/EN Legal Dictionary
'Scrivener notaries are only appointed after a two-year apprenticeship to a practising scrivener notary and sitting the examinations set by the Worshipful Company of Scriveners'.
http://www.proz.com/kudoz/spanish-to-english/law-general/1505938-escribano-publico.html
http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/civil_law/commissioners_for_oaths.html
Thanks, Adrian, with your experience in this field, it's always good to have your input. I too would assume, simply because they use both terms, that there is some degree of difference. |
Public Notary and Registrar
Based on the fact that a escribano and a notario are used interchangeably to describe the profession of the notary, I believe that in this case Juan Arturo's answer is appropriate for the context since this involves Commercial Law, perhaps the notarisation of a commercial contract?
I am giving this answer more for the sake of general information and not because it has to be appropriate for this context. According to my research, I have the feeling that escribanos and notarios in some Latin American countries such as Paraguay and Argentina, so I have found, also carried out jobs, performed by a 'Registrar' at least in the United Kingdom. I don't know if this is also the case in the USA.
However, it is becoming more and more common for notaries to marry couples in a lot of Spanish speaking countries and in the United Kingdom this is a task performed by 'Registrars'.
¿ Escribanos o Notarios?
Roque Barcia, en la edición póstuma, corregida y considerablemente aumentada, de su libro Sinónimos castellaos, no registra la palabra escribano; en cambio da como sinónimas las voces notario y actuario, que define de la siguiente manera, no sin recordar antes la diferencia que va entre sinonimia y homología: "Actuario es el que evacua diligencias, el que instruye expedientes, el que acciona, el que activa; más claro, el que actúa. Notario es el que notifica, el que da la noción del asunto, el que lo hace notorio. "El actuario es el agente de la Escribanía." "El notario es el instructor"
http://escribanos.org.ar/rnotarial/wp-content/uploads/2015/0...
Registradores y notario. Introducción al derecho registral en Paraguay
Refiere López Pellegrín "existe un estado de creencia según el cual, semióticamente, protocolo es sinónimo de registro. Aunque legalmente pareciera que así debe ser, se ha sostenido que "no hay en ello exactitud", puesto que registro "es la entidad, la institución, la jurisdicción anexa a la investidura que el estado realiza al encomendar al escribano de dar fe en su nombre". A continuación destacamos sobre el Registrador y el Notario. Esperamos que sea de utilidad para los que consulten el material.
Introducción al Derecho Registral
• 1. Registradores. Concepto:
Registradores, son las personas encargadas de llevar los registros de la Propiedad, Mercantil y Bienes Muebles. Tienen consideración de funcionarios públicos a todos los efectos. Según el diccionario de la RAE, un registrador es:
• adj. Que registra.
https://www.monografias.com/docs113/introduccion-al-derecho-...
El Colegio de Escribanos de Paraguay recientemente ha celebrado por todo lo alto su Aniversario 125.
Entre las disertaciones que se incluirán, se encuentran los temas de las Sucesiones y el Matrimonio en sede notarial. La Union Internacional del Notariado siempre ha favorecido que se amplíe la competencia notarial para incluir múltiples asuntos de naturaleza no contenciosa.
http://dennismartinez.net/2017/10/05/congreso-notarial-parag...
Corte actualiza procedimientos para adjudicar registros notariales - Paraguay
https://www.pj.gov.py/notas/6588-corte-actualiza-procedimien...
a) En el caso de separación de bienes: cuando se han otorgado capitulaciones matrimoniales, los contrayentes deberán aportar original y fotocopia simple del contrato autorizado por el notario/escribano o juez competente, y en todos los casos, inscrito en el Registro Público Local correspondiente. En el caso de Paraguay, y otros países extranjeros (no España) deberá estar debidamente legalizado/apostillado por los organismos competentes.
http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/ASUNCION/es/Embajada/...
What does a registrar do?
As a registrar, your job is to collect and record details of all births, stillbirths, deaths, marriages and civil partnerships in your area. You could also perform marriage, civil partnership, citizenship and naming ceremonies at register offices and other venues.
Your main duties would include:
• keeping accurate records
• performing civil ceremonies
https://www.ucas.com/ucas/after-gcses/find-career-ideas/expl...
Sir Thomas, as a public notary and Registrar of the Consistory Court in Norwich
http://www.ggmbenefice.uk/printer-friendly.php?page_id=108
Notaries & What They Do
A Notary Public is a legal officer of ancient standing. The functions of Notaries include the preparation and execution of legal documents for use abroad, attesting the authenticity of deeds and writings, and protesting bills of exchange. Notaries in England and Wales may also provide any non-contentious legal service, including Conveyancing and Probate activities.
There are two membership organisations for Notaries, the Notaries Society and the Society of Scrivener Notaries. They have representative functions only and are not part of the Faculty Office.
http://www.facultyoffice.org.uk/notary/
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Note added at 17 hrs (2019-05-31 18:49:02 GMT)
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Based on the fact that a escribano and a notario are used in Spanish interchangeably to describe the profession of the notary,
Interesting idea, Ada, thank you very much for your thoughtful answer. |
Civil Law Notary
Civil law notaries are called “escribanos públicos” in Argentina and Uruguay, and “notarios públicos” in almost all other Latin American countries; I believe that they in Paraguay they decided to merge both names for the same profession.
Take a look at the curriculum of the “Carrera de Notariado” leading to the degree of “Escribano y Notario Público”:
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[PDF] programa de estudios - escuela judicial del paraguay
https://ceduna.jimdo.com/.../PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIOS. INTRODUCC...
El objetivo general para colectar conocimientos de esta disciplina jurídica con autonomía propia y diferenciada del derecho, será el estudio de principios ...
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Civil law notary
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary)
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Note added at 1 día 11 horas (2019-06-01 12:25:40 GMT)
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En el término de un año correspondiente a dos semestres, los egresados de la carrera de Derecho de la UNA pueden culminar la carrera de Notariado y obtener el Título de Notario y Escribano Público, y no cursar ocho semestres de vuelta correspondientes a esa carrera, equivalentes a cuatro años.
(http://www.elindependiente.com.py/selecciones-de-la-edicion/...
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[PDF]
Introducción al Estudio del Derecho Notarial
https://sac656cb7e525da58.jimcontent.com/.../Material de Apo...
“LEGISLACIÓN NOTARIAL EN PARAGUAY”. 1) LEY Nº 879. CÓDIGO DE ORGANIZACIÓN JUDICIAL Y SUS MODIFICATORIAS: LEY Nº 963/82. LEY Nº 903/96 ...
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Programa Introduccion Notarial - Scribd
https://es.scribd.com/document/339267951/Programa-Introducci...
UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE XVII LEGISLACION NOTARIAL EN EL PARAGUAY 1. Adopcin del Cdigo Civil Argentino 2. Ley Orgnica de los Tribunales de 1883
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Escrituras públicas en el Derecho Notarial paraguayo - Monografias ...
https://www.monografias.com/.../escrituras-publicas-derecho-...
Sumario. Con esta investigación se ha comprendido que la escritura pública es un instrumento notarial, autentico que constituye un negocio jurídico.
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Note added at 1 día 12 horas (2019-06-01 13:28:01 GMT)
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This ruling of the Supreme Court of Paraguay may be helpful as well:
(https://www.csj.gov.py/par97017/reglamentaciones/modulos/rep...
Hi Manuel, thanks for your thorough answer. I'm tempted, but I still think "escribano" needs to be acknowledged. |
Public Notary and Scrivener
This solution cannot be "wrong" imho - if the reader of the translation needs to know exactly what functions this person performs, I don't regard that as the translator's job to explain.
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Note added at 1 day 15 hrs (2019-06-01 15:54:19 GMT)
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Note: It may well be the case that this person is simply a (civil law) notary but I think it's simply wrong to assume that we can drop "escribano" just because some of us think it's the "same thing"
Thanks, Chris, that approach is certainly a safe bet in the absence of any better info. |
agree |
philgoddard
: Or "scrivener notary". I have no idea how they differ from ordinary notaries. http://scrivener-notaries.org.uk/ And I think "notary public" is OK - that's what they're called in the States.
5 mins
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thank you for your non-pedantic "agree"
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neutral |
Adrian MM.
: Nice one, except in the UK 'scrivener' means scrivener-linguist notary who also ranks as a 'Sworn Translator' in civil-law terms. PS we are taught for Bar Finals - & in court (South of the Border) - never to describe our opinions as IMHO - humble...
2 hrs
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"In the UK" yes, but in Paraguay somrthing other but same word. Asker is British and lives in Mexico. We don't know who the end reader will be but he/she can't go wrong with a literal trans. inho
|
Notary Public
Reference comments
Carrera de Notariado y Escribanía Pública (Universidad Iberoamericana Asunción Paraguay)
Carrera de Notariado y Escribanía Pública
https://carreras.unibe.edu.py/notariado-y-escribania-publica...
El estudiante de Notariado y Escribanía pública recibirá conocimientos, ... Estudia la carrera de notariado en Paraguay y recibe una educación basada en la ... en concordancia con el Código de Ética y leyes vigentes en el ejercicio de la ...
Perfil Profesional El profesional egresado de Notariado y Escribanía Pública de la Universidad Iberoamericana:
Discussion
There are many set phrases in English which feature postpositive adjectives. They are often loans or loan translations from foreign languages that commonly use postpositives, especially French (many legal terms come from Law French). Some examples appear below:
(…)
• Names of posts, ranks, etc.: bishop emeritus, professor emeritus, etc.; attorney general, consul general, governor general, postmaster general, surgeon general, etc.; Astronomer Royal, Princess Royal, etc.; airman basic, minister plenipotentiary, minister-president, notary public, poet laureate, prime minister-designate, prince regent, sergeant major; queen consort, prince consort, etc.; queen regnant, prince regnant, etc.
(http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Postpositive_adject...
https://www.elnotariado.com/haciendo-historia-sobre-notariad...
But wherever you look, “escribano público” and “notario” are both used, and there is nothing to indicate that they are different. If we could find a clear statement in Paraguay saying “it’s the same thing”, it would be game over. But everything points to that conclusion. Nowhere are there legal or regulatory provisions applying to “notarios” but not to “escribanos”, or vice versa. Particularly telling, to my mind, is the fact that none of the university course descriptions for the degree of Notario y Escribano Público that I have read contain anything at all that distinguishes the two functions, which they surely would if there were any difference. It would be very strange if in Paraguay, uniquely, “escribano público” had a meaning other than “notario”. So I am convinced they are synonyms: an old and a new term both still in use.
(continued)
“Funciones del Escribano en Argentina
Son funciones del notario asesorar a las partes y redactar los instrumentos (escrituras, actas, etc) que éstas le encomienden, dando fe de la autenticidad de dicho acto.- las escrituras públicas sólo pueden ser hechas por escribanos públicos.-
https://www.kierjoffe.com/es/abogado-argentina-buenos-aires-...
And needless to say Argentine and Uruguayan “escribanos” are perfectly well aware that their counterparts elsewhere are called “notarios”, and don’t imagine that having a different name means they are different animals.
(continued in next post)
https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/1862/BOE-A-1862-4073-consolida...
I’ve seen it suggested that this change was made under French influence, and this could be true:
https://libros-revistas-derecho.vlex.es/vid/escribano-notari...
Well, in colonial Spanish America the legal and administrative terms and practices of Castile were obviously applied after the conquest (Aragon was pretty much excluded). So notaries were called “escribanos públicos” there, as they were in Castile. But in due course the same change of terminology occurred, apparently at around the same time, even though the countries concerned were by now independent. Take Honduras, for example, independent since 1821: it has a Ley de Escribanos of 1866 and Leyes del Notariado of 1882 and thereafter.
https://www.academia.edu/35941059/HISTORIA_DEL_DERECHO_NOTAR...
(continued in next post)
“Notario. m. Escribano público. [...] Hoy se distinguen de los escribanos en que estos entienden en los negocios seglares, y los notarios en los eclesiásticos.”
But in the next edition, in 1869, this was no longer the case:
“Notario. m. En lo antiguo, escribano público. Posteriormente se dió este nombre exclusivamente á los que actuaban en negocios eclesiásticos. Hoy es el funcionario público autorizado para dar fe de los contratos y otros actos extrajudiciales [...].”
(continued in next post)
f) Aprobar un concurso de oposición".
(https://docs.paraguay.justia.com/nacionales/leyes/ley-903-ju...
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Carrera de Notariado y Escribanía Pública
“Título: Notario y Escribano Público (Previa Tesina)
Duración: 4 años.
Distribuidos en 8 semestres”
(https://carreras.unibe.edu.py/notariado-y-escribania-publica...
(https://www.universia.com.py/estudios/universidad-iberoameri...
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Sobre la liberación de la profesión de escribano y notario
“…con relación a la liberación del ejercicio de **la profesión de Notarios y Escribanos** a través del usufructo de registros notariales que podrá ser usufructuado por toda persona de nacionalidad paraguaya o paraguayo naturalizado y haber obtenido **el título de Notario y Escribano Público**, expedido por una universidad nacional o por una universidad extranjera revalidada por una universidad nacional,…”
(http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/judicial/s...
LEY Nº 903
QUE MODIFICA Y DEROGA ALGUNOS ARTICULOS DEL LIBRO I, TITULO V, CAPITULO III DE LA LEY N° 879/81 "CODIGO DE ORGANIZACION JUDICIAL"
(…)
"Art. 101.- Los Notarios y Escribanos Públicos son depositarios de la fe pública notarial y ejercerán sus funciones como titulares de un registro notarial dentro de la demarcación geográfica para la cual se creó el Registro Notarial, excepto cuando se disponga de otro modo en la Ley".
"Art. 102.- Las condiciones requeridas para desempeñar las funciones de Escribano de Registro son:
a) Ser paraguayo natural o naturalizado;
b) Ser mayor de edad;
c) Residir permanentemente en la localidad donde funcione la Oficina Notarial del Registro que se le asigne;
d) Tener título de notario o de doctor en notariado otorgado por una universidad nacional o del extranjero debidamente revalidado;
e) No registrar antecedentes de carácter penal con sentencia firme y ejecutoriada y gozar de notoria honorabilidad y buena conducta; y,
f
I have seen that in Australia, Canada, India, the UK and other former British colonies, notaries must have a degree in law or equivalent.
(https://www.redsealnotary.com/Publications/2013-04-17-Notari...
(http://notarynsw.org.au/what-is-a-notary)
(https://blog.ipleaders.in/notary-as-a-career-choice-in-india...
@Charles: Thanks for the historical info, interesting evolution, and possibly even the key to this conundrum, although I haven't found anything to support that idea.
It had occurred to me that the "escribano público" might be the equivalent of what we call the "corredor público" in Mexico, i.e., a business notary, one who is authorized to attest to business transactions requiring a notary, such as incorporaciones, appraisals, dispute resolution, etc., but I don't think that's right either.
@Charles: you're quite right - without any specific descriptions noting the difference between these titles in Paraguay, all we can do is make our best guess.
For that reason, I'm going to leave the question open for a while longer in the hope that someone who has first-hand knowledge of this Paraguayan term can enlighten us further.
Again, many thanks to you all!
To answer the most recent question first: @Flavio, it's for the UK, but I don't think it's necessarily of any significance as there is really no functional equivalent to the "Notario" in common law in any case. That said, I don't think we can refer to the position as anything other than "Notary" (or perhaps "Civil-Law Notary"). The way I see it, civil-law notaries are simply more knowledgeable and have more duties than their counterparts. We might think of the difference between a farmer with a small holding and a farmer who has an industrial-scale farm; each is a farmer, but the work they do is very different.
@Manuel: I think you're right. Having had some time to look into this now, I can't find anything either that suggests there is a difference between the two titles.
"https://www.nationalnotary.org/knowledge-center/about-notari...
I see that they are practically the same; and even if there were some slight differences between them, I don’t think they are relevant.
Have you read the relevant Paraguayan legislation governing this profession?
Based on the documents I have read, I see that “escribano y notario público” is considered as one and the same profession, or at least mutually equivalent.
Saludos cordiales y mucha suerte
Actually I'm not sure that my historical note was entirely irrelevant. The well known use of "escribano" in Latin American countries to denote a civil law notary, called "notario" in modern Spain, has its historical roots: it preserves a use of "escribano" that was standard in Spain up to some time in the 19th century. In Spain the terminology changed but in the (ex-)colonies it didn't.
Scriveners - as members of the Worshipful Company of Scriveners - used to work exclusively within a 10-mile radius of the Royal Exchange in London. By contrast, Regional Notaries, namely outside of that purview, need not have been examined in 2 foreign languages and the associated legal systems (I have coached City of London notarial students through all parts of notarial finals in a variety of languages).
Obiter, I have two native Argentinian (note spelling) and Uruguyan colleagues at the Bar in London who also describe themselves in the UK as 'Authorised Commissioners for Oaths and Escribanos Públicos' www.legalservicesboard.org.uk/can_we_help/faqs/Reserved_Leg...
The one thing I can find on this is that there is a position called "escribano (mayor) de gobierno" in Paraguay. I suspect that escribano is a broader term that embraces certain members of the public administration as well as notaries in the usual sense. But I haven't been able to pin it down.