English to Spanish Medical Psychology Texto técnico acerca los adultos mayores

Burns (1980) developed an antipessimism sheet to evaluate specific expectancies. The
sheet has a column in which the client lists an upcoming event that is likely to
approach with a pessimistic outlook, then columns alongside in which to note the
outcome expected, the worst, best and most likely outcomes imagined, and the actual
outcome. The therapist and the client can then examine the discrepancies between the
individual’s expectations and the actual outcome, the impact that a pessimistic
outlook has on the actual outcome, and what the client can do to influence the
outcome. Specific techniques used to modify these expectancies include PUMP PRIMING, based on the principle of cognitive PRIMING, which involves intentionally
attending to positive experiences that are relevant to the optimism schema that they
wish to encourage. A similar technique is silver lining, which is the simple but
effective task of taking a negative experience and identifying one genuinely positive
element of it. Yet another technique consists of practicing positive visualisation by choosing a problematic situation and visually rehearsing the steps involved in
attaining the positive outcome (Riskind et al., 1996).