Glossary entry

English term or phrase:

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English answer:

Henry David Thoreau - Civil Disobedience

Added to glossary by jerrie
Dec 8, 2002 22:50
21 yrs ago
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English term

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+9
11 mins
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Henry David Thoreau - Civil Disobedience

All men recognize the right of revolution; that is, the right to refuse allegiance to, and to resist, the government, when its tyranny or its inefficiency are great and unendurable. But almost all say that such is not the case now. But such was the case, they think, in the Revolution of '75. If one were to tell me that this was a bad government because it taxed certain foreign commodities brought to its ports, it is most probable that I should not make an ado about it, for I can do without them. All machines have their friction; and possibly this does enough good to counterbalance the evil. At any rate, it is a great evil to make a stir about it. But when the friction comes to have its machine, and oppression and robbery are organized, I say, let us not have such a machine any longer. In other words, when a sixth of the population of a nation which has undertaken to be the refuge of liberty are slaves, and a whole country is unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army, and subjected to military law, I think that it is not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize. What makes this duty the more urgent is the fact that the country so overrun is not our own, but ours is the invading army.

Explanation is in the part:"in other words....."

hth
Peer comment(s):

agree Chris Rowson (X) : I was going to ask for more context ... :-)
15 mins
Isn't Google a marvellous thing?!
agree Yuri Geifman : bull's-eye - it's hard to be sure, but I have a feeling this is what the asker was really after... (oops)
20 mins
I hope it's all in there or if not, in the links, that seem to have lost their http://'s!!
agree Alexandra Tussing
5 hrs
Thanks
agree Refugio
8 hrs
Thanks
agree EDLING (X)
9 hrs
Thanks
agree Christopher Crockett : Nice find, jerrie.
16 hrs
Thanks
agree mirta
19 hrs
Thanks
agree Paula Ibbotson : Very nice research here!
22 hrs
Thanks
agree Dolly Xu
1 day 15 hrs
Thanks
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Graded automatically based on peer agreement. KudoZ."
8 mins

what's cooking ?

what gives ?

2 more colloquial solutions i.e.) questions in the same vein, if that is what you had in mind.
Peer comment(s):

neutral Refugio : If.
2 hrs
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+1
9 mins

One reading

The statement implies that machines are evil by definition and that friction is the component of goodness.



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Note added at 2002-12-08 23:04:00 (GMT)
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Or more subtly, that machines are an arena where evil vs. good play it out, i.e. the machine is not evil per se, but its action is evil, i.e. it is not evil in that it accommodates friction, a force that opposes the action of the machine.

Peer comment(s):

agree Refugio
8 hrs
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+4
32 mins

See explanation based on the text jerrie found

All machines have their friction; and possibly this does enough good to counterbalance the evil. Thoreau is talking about slavery and the US invasion of Mexico. He says it's a bad government that holds slaves and invades Mexico. Friction is rebellion against a machine (government) that once was itself the friction went it rebelled against England in the American Revolution. It's another way of saying dissent keeps government honest.

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Note added at 2002-12-08 23:25:19 (GMT)
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when it rebelled against England
Peer comment(s):

agree Refugio : I wonder if any amount of internal friction can slow the machine down enough nowadays.
53 mins
agree Herman Vilella : Or, as Jefferson said when told of Shay's Rebellion (1787-78): "There's nothing wrong with a revolution ever so once in a while."
2 hrs
agree Christopher Crockett : Nice explication,Kim.Answer to Ruth:A sufficient amount of sand introduced from external sources into the bearings can increase the amount of internal friction.But then that's "terrorism,"which is illegal. So is refusing to pay one's whiskey tax.
16 hrs
agree Paula Ibbotson
22 hrs
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2 hrs

Only 22 years after Thoreau wrote Civil Disobedience, Samuel Butler wrote Erewhon.

Erewhon, which by the way bears re-reading, developed the idea of the "evil" of machines in a satirical way that one reviewer says was not satirical enough, since it was prophetic.
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4 hrs

Constitutional checks and balances do not always work.

Friction here refers to constitutional checks and balances such as separation of powers, freedom of speech, etc.

The text indicates that friction was no longer effective, hence revolution became necessary.

Friction is a metaphor for a remedial process that is part of the system and would cease to exist without the machine (government). It is also normal and permanent not transient: "all machines have their friction". Yet, the statement also concedes that it does not always work: "and possibly ..."

The additional text provided by Jerrie demonstrates a state where the self-corrective processes (friction) became futile in the face of evil so potent, that it has turned those processes themselves into instruments by which to usurp the very system they were supposed to correct. Note the contrast between: "All machines have their friction", then: "But when friction comes to have its machine". At this point the author concludes that correction was no longer possible. Revolution then became the only solution. The machine must be discarded, friction and all.

So friction here does not refer to rebellion or revolution against the system, but the system's own checks and balances that eventually failed.

Hope this helps,

Alaa Zeineldine
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