Het gaat hier om een specifiek fiscaal operationeel model dat belast is met verkoopactiviteiten, met enerzijds een 'principaal' en anderzijds een 'limited risk distributor' (LRD).

De LRD is een ‘gestripte’ versie van de FFD. In beide gevallen worden de goederen van de principaal aangekocht en vindt daaropvolgend een verkoop plaats aan de klant. Bij de LRD vindt eerstgenoemde verkoop direct voorafgaand aan de tweede verkoop plaats. De LRD verkrijgt dan op een ondeelbaar moment eigendom over de goederen (‘flash title’). Derhalve loopt zij minder risico en zal haar vergoeding, vergeleken met de vergoeding die de FFD toekomt, lager zijn. De goederen kunnen bij een LRD rechtstreeks van de fabrikant aan de klant worden geleverd of eerst in opslag worden gehouden door de LRD. In dat laatste geval heeft de LRD een beperkt voorraadrisico.
https://pure.eur.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/51749557/embargo-v...

En zie bijvoorbeeld ook deze twee artikelenl voor een toelichting op de termen 'Principal Plant' en 'Limited Risk Distributor' en de de bijbehorende flow(s) in SAP:

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/change-your-business-model-pr...
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/conversion-from-commissionair...

De Belastingdienst verwijst in deze context eveneens naar de 'principaal' en de 'Limited Risk Distributor', en karakteriseert de laatste als "een distributeur met weinig tot geen risico’s". Zie https://download.belastingdienst.nl/belastingdienst/docs/rul...

Perhaps it applies:

plants that are of material importance

Principal Plant means any real property now owned or hereafter acquired by the Company or any Domestic Subsidiary at which the Company or such Domestic Subsidiary conducts manufacturing operations, but does not include a facility which the Board of Directors determines shall not be treated as a Principal Plant, as long as all such facilities which are determined not to be Principal Plants, taken together, are not of material importance to the Company and its Subsidiaries’ total business. Any such determination shall be effective upon the date specified in the applicable Board Resolution. Such designation of a facility as a Principal Plant or as excluded from the definition of Principal Plant may be made at varying times, subject only to the limitation set forth in the first sentence of this definition.

https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/principal-plant

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Note added at 1 day 22 hrs (2023-03-25 17:46:20 GMT)
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Tax Efficient Supply Chain: An Overview

Tax Efficient Supply Chain is a supply chain model that considers tax as an integral part of the overall operational supply chain processes to optimize global effective tax rates. It is designed to produce flexible tax planning that is operationally driven to achieve long-term reduction in effective tax rate as well as supply chain efficiency, cost reduction and inventory optimization while balancing customer service level. This requires corporations to undertake several strategic, operational, financial, Intellectual Property and systems design actions. The setup efforts and costs maybe substantial but are strategic investments to realize long term benefits and returns.

There are few key characteristics of a business that will benefit from this model:

- Business is multinational with revenues reported in multiple regions
- Multi geography cross-border transfer of goods volume is high
- High domestic effective tax rate
- Decentralized operations with complex global supply chain and distribution models
- Significant Research and Development spend and possession of Intellectual Property
- Manufacturing and Sourcing setup in low-cost geographies for cost optimization

The fundamental concept for such a supply chain design is to establish a “Principal” company -a legal entity in a lower tax jurisdiction/geography – a number of European jurisdictions e.g. Netherlands, Switzerland, Luxembourg etc. provide opportunities for low corporate taxation. The Principal company serves as the Logistics Hub entity and is responsible for purchasing goods from internal manufacturing plants or external manufacturing entities (contract or toll manufacturing) and then selling the goods to other Selling/Operating companies located in the various end customer markets through intercompany sales. The local operating companies then perform the final sale to the end customers.

The underlying mechanism is to shift appropriate amount of functions, assets and risks to the Principal to justify the allocation of taxable entrepreneurial profit and thus get tax advantage from low tax rate in that jurisdiction. The Principal company or the Hub entity should be allocated more management control and business risks (e.g. Inventory risk, Credit risk, Warranty risk, Pricing risk) to be entitled for the entrepreneurial profits while the local Selling/Operating entities should perform routine functions and have limited business risks to receive a relatively low profit level. Hence, the structuring and allocation of value adding functions and commercial risks between the Principal company and the local Selling/Operating companies are critical in the design of such a tax optimized model.

https://blogs.sap.com/2023/01/13/tax-efficient-supply-chain-...