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- Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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- Hard water is water contaminated with compounds of calcium and magnesium. Dissolved iron, manganese, and strontium compounds can also contribute to the "total hardness" of the water, which is usually expressed as ppm CaCO3. Water with a hardness over 80 ppm CaCO3 is often treated with water softeners, since hard water produces scale in hot water pipes and boilers and lowers the effectiveness of detergents. antoine.frostburg.edu
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- Some laundry detergents do not produce as many suds in hard water, these are likely to be soap-based products and do not work as well in hard-water as detergent based products. - water-treatment.org.uk
- Hard water also contributes to inefficient and costly operation of water-using appliances. Heated hard water forms a scale of calcium and magnesium minerals that can contribute to the inefficient operation or failure of water-using appliances. - Wilkes University
- Clothes washed in hard water often look dingy and feel harsh and scratchy. - sciLinks
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- Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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- Tvrdost vody je vlastnost, která vyjadřuje obsah rozpuštěných nerostů (nejčastěji CaO a MgO) ve vodě. Tvrdost vody má význam pro její využití jako pitné i užitkové vody. Je zdrojem tvorby vodního i kotelního kamene, a ovlivňuje i chuťové vlastnosti vody.
V českých zemích se tvrdost vody měřila v tzv. německých stupních, kde jeden stupeň odpovídá 10 mg CaO/litr nebo 7,2 mg MgO/litr.
tvrdá voda - víc jak 18°-25°
Wikipedia - by Jiri Farkac
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- Kotelní kámen je směs minerálů, které se vylučují ve formě pevného povlaku na stěnách nádoby, v níž dochází k varu tvrdé vody. - Wikipedia by Jiri Farkac
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- Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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- Σκληρό νερό είναι το νερό που περιέχει διαλυμένα άλατα μεταλλικών ιόντων Own research - by MChris
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- Όταν το νερό περιέχει μεγάλη ποσότητα διαλυμένων αλάτων, λέγεται σκληρό νερό. Το σκληρό νερό είναι ακατάλληλο για την πλύση με σαπούνι. - wikipedia by MChris
- Όταν το νερό αναφέρεται ως "σκληρό" αυτό σημαίνει απλά, ότι περιέχει περισσότερα μεταλλικά στοιχεία από το συνηθισμένο νερό. - Food-info by MChris
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