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    • English
      • Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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          • Term
            • hard water
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          • Definition(s)
            • Hard water is water contaminated with compounds of calcium and magnesium. Dissolved iron, manganese, and strontium compounds can also contribute to the "total hardness" of the water, which is usually expressed as ppm CaCO3. Water with a hardness over 80 ppm CaCO3 is often treated with water softeners, since hard water produces scale in hot water pipes and boilers and lowers the effectiveness of detergents. antoine.frostburg.edu
          • Example sentence(s)
            • Some laundry detergents do not produce as many suds in hard water, these are likely to be soap-based products and do not work as well in hard-water as detergent based products. - water-treatment.org.uk
            • Hard water also contributes to inefficient and costly operation of water-using appliances. Heated hard water forms a scale of calcium and magnesium minerals that can contribute to the inefficient operation or failure of water-using appliances. - Wilkes University
            • Clothes washed in hard water often look dingy and feel harsh and scratchy. - sciLinks
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    • Croatian
      • Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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          • Term
            • Tvrda voda
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          • Definition(s)
            • Tvrda voda je uzrokovana prisustvom otopljenih soli kalcija i magnezija (nekada i željeza). Prolazna (privremena) tvrdoća potiče od kalcija i hidrogenkarbonata i uklanja se kuhanjem.Stalna tvrdoća se odnosi na sulfate i kloride kalcija i magnezija. Wikipedia - by vladowsky
          • Example sentence(s)
            • Vode s mineralnih i termalnih izvora obiluju kalcijem i magnezijem i uvijek imaju visoki stupanj tvrdoće. Kada govorimo o konzumnoj vodi, problem se ne zove TVRDA VODA nego KAMENAC koji se javlja kao posljedica transporta kroz vodovodne instalacije i promjene pritiska i temperature tijekom njezina iskorištavanja. Omekšana voda potrebna je u mnogim proizvodnim procesima ali nije pogodna za ljudsko zdravlje. - Agromarketing by vladowsky
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    • Spanish
      • Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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          • Term
            • agua dura
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          • Definition(s)
            • En química, el agua dura (por contraposición al agua blanda) es aquella que posee una dureza superior a 120 mg CaCO3/l. Es decir que contiene un alto nivel de minerales, en particular sales de magnesio y calcio. Son éstas las causantes de la dureza del agua, y el grado de dureza es directamente proporcional a la concentración de sales metálicas. Wikipedia - by Laura Mangini
          • Example sentence(s)
            • El agua dura puede volver a ser blanda, con el agregado de carbonato de sodio o potasio, para precipitarlo como sales de carbonatos, o por medio de intercambio iónico con salmuera en presencia de zeolita o resinas sintéticas - Wikipedia by Laura Mangini
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    • German
      • Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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          • Term
            • hartes Wasser
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          • Definition(s)
            • Hartes Wasser hat eine hohe Konzentration an Ca2+ and Mg2+ Ionen. Bei der Reaktion der Erdalkali-Ionen mit Seife entstehen Niederschläge, die sich auf Textilfasern ablagern und deren Entfärbung verursachen können. Universität Regensburg FB Chemie - by Marion Schweizer
          • Example sentence(s)
            • In hartem Wasser ist die Wirksamkeit der Seife stark eingeschränkt. Hartes Wasser bedeutet einen höheren Seifenverbrauch. Die bis zur vollständigen Ausfällung der Härtebildner zugesetzte Seife geht für den Waschprozess verloren. Darüberhinaus wird ein Teil der Seife auch noch benötigt, um die entstandene Kalkseife in der Waschlauge zu dispergieren. - Universität Regensburg FB Chemie by Marion Schweizer
            • Was ist hartes Wasser? Was macht das Trinkwasser hart? Trinkwasser enthält je nach Herkunft (Oberflächen-, Grund- oder Quellwasser) unterschiedliche Mengen der beiden Mineralstoffe Calcium und Magnesium. Die Härte von Wasser wird durch die Menge gelöster Calcium- und Magnesiumverbindungen ("Kalk") charakterisiert. Je höher der Gehalt, desto härter das Wasser. Das neue Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelgesetz (am 1. Mai 2007 in Kraft getreten) unterscheidet nur noch drei statt bisher vier Härtebereiche. Die Menge der im Wasser gelösten Calcium-Ionen (nicht jedoch der Magnesiumgehalt) entscheidet darüber, in welchen Härtebereich das Wasser einzuordnen ist. - Verband d. Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft by Marion Schweizer
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