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Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified site user
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Specializes in:
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English to Chinese: Hemoglobin Extracted From Perinereis aibuhitensis Acts as a Cell Culture Medium Supplement to Reduce Apoptosis General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Source text - English The environmental oxygen concentration is a crucial factor affecting cell proliferation. Owing to the reversible binding property of hemoglobin to oxygen, it can be utilized to regulate the oxygen concentration in vitro, and its ability to reduce apoptosis can be evaluated. In this study, a process comprising isolation, purification, and extraction was used to obtain hemoglobin from Perinereis aibuhitensis, a polychaete invertebrate. Extracts were separated and characterized using sodiumdodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Extract component identity was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, with the molecular weight determined as 412,216.6875 Da. The oxygen carrying capacity of P. aibuhitensis hemoglobin was comparable with that of human hemoglobin. P. aibuhitensis hemoglobin remarkably downregulated the apoptosis rate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays confirmed the reduction in ROS production, enabling a better elucidation of the mechanism underlying the decrease in apoptosis. These results suggested that P. aibuhitensis hemoglobin is a natural oxygen carrier, that, owing to its low-cost and accessibility, can be considered a candidate for culture medium supplement to reduce the apoptosis rate.
Translation - Chinese 环境调节用氧浓度是影响细胞增殖的关键因素。鉴于血红蛋白具有与氧可逆结合的特性，可以利用其来体外调节氧浓度，并可以评估其减少细胞凋亡的能力。在这项研究中，我们采用了一种包括分离、纯化和提取的方法从双齿围沙蚕（一种多毛类无脊椎动物）中获得血红蛋白。采用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对提取物进行分离和表征。通过基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱分析确认提取物成分的一致性，确定其分子量为 412,216.6875 Da。双齿围沙蚕血红蛋白的携氧能力与人类血红蛋白相当。双齿围沙蚕血红蛋白明显降低了细胞凋亡率。活性氧簇 (ROS) 检测证实了活性氧簇产生有所减少，从而能够更好地阐明凋亡减少的机理。这些结果表明，双齿围沙蚕血红蛋白是一种天然的递氧体，具有低成本和易获得性，可被认为是降低细胞凋亡率的候选培养基补充物。
English to Chinese: Symmetric Informationally Complete Measurements Identify the Irreducible Di erence between Classical and Quantum Systems General field: Science Detailed field: Physics
Source text - English We describe a general procedure for associating a minimal informationally complete quantum measurement (or MIC) with a purely probabilistic representation of the Born Rule. Such representations provide a way to understand the Born Rule as a consistency condition between probabilities assigned to the outcomes of one experiment in terms of the probabilities assigned to the outcomes of other experiments. In this setting, the di erence between quantum and classical physics is the way their physical assumptions augment bare probability theory: Classical physics corresponds to a trivial augmentation|one just applies the Law of Total Probability (LTP) between the scenarios| while quantum theory makes use of the Born Rule expressed in one or another of the forms of our general procedure. To mark the irreducible di erence between quantum and classical, one should seek the representations that minimize the disparity between the expressions. We prove that the representation of the Born Rule obtained from a symmetric informationally complete measurement (or SIC) minimizes this distinction in at least two senses|the rst to do with unitarily invariant distance measures between the rules, and the second to do with available volume in a reference probability simplex (roughly speaking a new kind of uncertainty principle). Both of these arise from a useful result in majorization theory. This work complements recent studies in quantum computation where the deviation of the Born Rule from the LTP is measured in terms of negativity of Wigner functions.
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