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English to Malay: Financial Translation General field: Bus/Financial
Source text - English Historical Trends in the Inflation Rate
Inflation, as measured by the CPI for 1947–2020, is displayed in Figure 3.10. The graph shows that for the past 70 years, inflation has been the norm. Although inflation dipped into negative territory several times, each period of negative inflation was short-lived. Also, you will notice that during the 1970s and early 1980s, inflation was abnormally high; the inflation rate remained above 5% for approximately a decade. This was also the only time period in which the US economy experienced double-digit inflation. By the mid-1980s, inflation had fallen below 5%, and it has remained below 5% for much of the past 35 years.
Figure 3.10 Rate of Inflation Measured by the Consumer Price Index, 1947–20202
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items (CPIAUCSL) is a measure of the average monthly change in the price for goods and services paid by urban consumers between any two time periods. It can also represent the buying habits of urban consumers. This particular index includes roughly 88% of the total population, accounting for wage earners, clerical workers, technical workers, self-employed workers, short- term workers, unemployed workers, retirees, and those not in the labor force.
The CPIs are based on prices for food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation fares, service fees (e.g., water and sewer service), and sales taxes. Prices are collected monthly from about 4,000 housing units and approximately 26,000 retail establishments across 87 urban areas. To calculate the index, price changes are averaged with weights representing their importance in the spending of a particular group. The index measures price changes (as a percent change) from a predetermined reference date. In addition to the original unadjusted index distributed, the BLS also releases a seasonally adjusted index. The unadjusted series reflects all factors that may influence a change in prices.
Translation - Malay Perkembangan bersejarah dalam kadar inflasi
Inflasi, seperti yang diukur oleh Indeks Harga Pengguna pada tahun 1947 – 2020 seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 3.10. Graf menunjukkan pada 70 tahun yang lepas, inflasi telah menjadi norma. Walaupun inflasi menurun ke arah kawasan negatif, setiap tempoh inflasi negatif adalah jangka pendek. Tambahan pula, anda akan menyedari semasa tahun 1970 dan awal tahun 1980, inflasi adalah tinggi secara tidak normal; kadar inflasi kekal lebih 5% selama lebih kurang satu dekad. Ini juga satu-satunya tempoh masa dimana ekonomi Amerika Syarikat mengalami inflasi berganda. Menjelang pertengahan 1980, inflasi telah terjerumus di bawah 5% dan kekal di bawah 5% selama 35 tahun yang lalu.
Rajah 3.10 Kadar inflasi yang di ukur oleh Indeks Harga Pengguna, tahun 1947 - 2020
Indeks Harga pengguna untuk pengguna bandar; semua barang (CPIAUCSL) adalah ukuran purata perubahan bulanan dalam harga bagi barangan dan perkhidmatan yang dibayar oleh pengguna bandar di antara dua tempoh masa. Ia juga boleh melambangkan tabiat membeli di kalangan pengguna bandar. Indeks khusus ini secara kasarnya termasuk 88% daripada jumlah populasi, perakaunan untuk orang bergaji, pekerja pengkeranian, pekerja teknikal, pekerja yang bekerja sendiri, pekerja dalam jangka masa pendek, penganggur, pesara, dan mereka yang tidak termasuk dalam tenaga buruh.
Indeks harga pengguna adalah berdasarkan harga makanan, pakaian, tempat tinggal, bahan api, kadar pengangkutan, bayaran perkhidmatan (Contohnya air dan servis pembetung), dan cukai jualan. Harga dikutip setiap bulan daripada 4,000 unit rumah dan lebih kurang 26,000 pertubuhan runcit di sepanjang 87 kawasan bandar. Untuk mengira indeks, perubahan harga adalah purata dengan berat mewakili kepentingan mereka dalam perbelanjaan kumpulan tertentu. Indeks mengukur perubahan harga (sepertimana peratus berubah) daripada tarikh rujukan yang ditetapkan. Sebagai tambahan kepada indeks asal tidak terlaras yang diedarkan, BLS juga mengeluarkan indeks pelarasan musim. Siri yang tidak dilaraskan mencerminkan semua faktor yang mungkin mempengaruhi perubahan harga.
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Translation education
Bachelor's degree - Univesity of Kuala Lumpur Business School
A native Malay speaker with a proficiency in English. Detailed-oriented translator with a highly developed understanding of Malay language and culture. I love to explore new things and venture my ideas to deliver high-quality works.
Keywords: General Translation, Academic Translation, Business, Accounting & Financial Translation, Medical (General Translation), Localization, Editing, Proofreading
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