非劣性 or 非劣效性 通用，但后者用的多一些，也更准确。指研究药物不比对照药物的疗效差，见下面的参考：

Noninferiority trials test whether a new experimental treatment is not unacceptably less efficacious than an active control treatment already in use. With continuous improvements in health technologies, standard care, and clinical outcomes, the incremental benefits of newly developed treatments may be only marginal over existing treatments. Sometimes assigning patients to a placebo is unethical. In such circumstances, there has been increasing emphasis on the use of noninferiority trial designs. Noninferiority trials are more complex to design, conduct, and interpret than typical superiority trials. This paper reviews the concept of noninferiority trials and discusses some important issues related to them.

Keywords: Noninferiority trial, Controlled clinical trials, Randomized controlled clinical trials, Clinical trials